Phosphate uptake by the component parts of<i>Chara hispida</i>

Andrews, M.

doi:10.1080/00071618700650061

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Characean species seem to have a preference for low phosphorus concentrations in the open water of their natural habitat and in fact often are the first macrophytes to disappear during eutrophication (Blindow, 1988). Previous quantitative studies by Box (1986) and Andrews (1987) on phosphate uptake by the rhizoids and shoots of the stoneworts were carried out with C. hispida using a two‐chamber system. Both authors showed the ability of the rhizoids to take up phosphate and to transfer it to the shoot.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soluble inorganic phosphate (P i ) mobilised from this mineral in the rhizosphere should be absorbed by the macrophyte without being available to phytoplankton and epiphytes in the illuminated water column. In developing this approach, we concentrated on characean species as, in spite of clear evidence for rapid symplastic nutrient transport through long distances in the stoneworts (Littlefield & Forsberg, 1965; Tyree, Fischer & Dainty, 1974; Bostrom & Walker, 1976; Andrews, McInroy & Raven, 1984; Box, Andrews & Raven, 1984; Box, 1986; Andrews, 1987), it remained uncertain whether or not their rhizoids are able to take up sufficient P for rapid shoot growth. To prevent carbon limitation, we supplied CO 2 to the culture medium by membrane‐controlled diffusion from a bicarbonate buffer as used previously for culturing microalgae (Pörs, Wüstenberg & Ehwald, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Culturing of stoneworts and submersed angiosperms with phosphate uptake exclusively from an artificial sediment

2011

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1. We aimed to demonstrate reproducible nutrition and growth of macrophytes in non-axenic laboratory cultures preventing growth of phytoplankton and epiphytes. 2. Macrophyte shoot segments were planted in a mixture of commercial acid-washed silica sand with crystalline tricalcium phosphate, and this artificial sediment was covered with a layer of pure silica sand. The liquid mineral media used did not contain phosphorus but were rich in all other nutrient elements. A CO 2 reservoir provided sustainable CO 2 supply to macrophyte cultures by gas diffusion through a polyethylene membrane. 3. Chara hispida, Chara tomentosa, Chara baltica, Elodea canadensis, Potamogeton pectinatus and Zanichellia palustris could be cultivated for long term without medium exchange and aeration. Microalgae growth was prevented by the absence of phosphate in the water column. Mobilisation of tricalcium phosphate and phosphate uptake by the rhizoids of C. hispida enabled sustainable rapid shoot growth and increased the concentration of inorganic phosphate in the shoot dry weight by five to six times in comparison with plants cultivated on pure silica sand. A significant growth support from tricalcium phosphate was also observed for E. canadensis, but the rate of phosphate uptake by the roots was not sufficient to maintain a storage pool of inorganic phosphate (P i ) in the growing shoots of this plant. 4. Membrane-controlled CO 2 supply from a reservoir and artificial sediments like the one described provide attractive options for the laboratory culture of macrophytes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culturing of stoneworts and submersed angiosperms with phosphate uptake exclusively from an artificial sediment

2011

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“…Charophycean algae develop more complex bodies than other streptophyte algae, from morphogenetic centres located at the apices of their axes, like land plants (Smith, ; Pickett‐Heaps, ; Graham & Wilcox, ). These axes develop a diversity of cell types including tip‐growing cells called rhizoids that are involved in nutrient uptake (Box, , ; Andrews, ; Vermeer et al ., ; Wüestenberg et al ., ) and anchorage (Graham & Wilcox, ). Tip‐growing cells involved in nutrient uptake and anchorage also evolved among the land plants (Jones & Dolan, ; Bonnot et al ., ): the tip‐growing rhizoids of bryophytes and root hairs of vascular plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neofunctionalisation of basic helix−loop−helix proteins occurred when embryophytes colonised the land

et al. 2019

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ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE SIX‐LIKE (RSL) genes control the development of structures from single cells at the surface of embryophytes (land plants) such as rhizoids and root hairs. RSL proteins constitute a subclass (VIIIc) of the basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) class VIII transcription factor family. The Charophyceae form the only class of streptophyte algae with tissue‐like structures and rhizoids. To determine if the function of RSL genes in the control of cell differentiation in embryophytes was inherited from a streptophyte algal ancestor, we identified the single class VIII bHLH gene from the charophyceaen alga Chara braunii (CbbHLHVIII). CbbHLHVIII is sister to the RSL proteins; they constitute a monophyletic group. Expression of CbbHLHVIII does not compensate for loss of RSL functions in Marchantia polymorpha or Arabidopsis thaliana. In C. braunii CbbHLHVIII is expressed at sites of morphogenesis but not in rhizoids. This finding indicates that C. braunii class VIII protein is functionally different from land plant RSL proteins. This result suggests that the function of RSL proteins in cell differentiation at the plant surface evolved by neofunctionalisation in the land plants lineage after its divergence from its last common ancestor with C. braunii, at or before the colonisation of the land by embryophytes.

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“…In aquatic plants there is the possibility of direct uptake of mineral nutrients from water. The charophytes (Characeae) possess simple rhizoids that penetrate the sediment and can take up nutrients (Andrews, 1987;Vermeer et al, 2003). The secondarily derived aquatic angiosperms and lycophytes that evolved roots to cope with water stress on land, have often retained an extensive root system.…”

Section: Mineral Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fitness of the environments of air and water for photosynthesis, growth, reproduction and dispersal of photoautotrophs: An evolutionary and biogeochemical perspective

Maberly

2014

Aquatic Botany

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a b s t r a c tLife has evolved to exploit aquatic and terrestrial environments, but these present very different challenges and opportunities for photoautotrophs. This paper outlines how the physical and chemical 'fitness' of air and water have interacted with the evolution of the physical structures and physiological properties of aquatic and terrestrial algae and plants and altered the biogeochemistry of the planet. The two environments are particularly different for photosynthesis and the consequences of water stress in air and potential carbon and light stress under water are discussed, as are the consequences of the lower density of air compared to water for investment in support. The properties of air and water also affect mineral nutrition, reproduction and dispersal of photoautotrophs and the nature of competition between different types of plants. Furthermore, the pivotal role of photoautotrophs in global biogeochemical cycles and major feedbacks are emphasised. They have altered the environment dramatically, changed the availability of essential resources and created niches that can be exploited by new or different species or types of organism. Recent rapid anthropogenic changes, particularly in CO 2 , are noted and discussed in relation to the security of human requirements.

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Phosphate uptake by the component parts ofChara hispida

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

Culturing of stoneworts and submersed angiosperms with phosphate uptake exclusively from an artificial sediment

Culturing of stoneworts and submersed angiosperms with phosphate uptake exclusively from an artificial sediment

Neofunctionalisation of basic helix−loop−helix proteins occurred when embryophytes colonised the land

The fitness of the environments of air and water for photosynthesis, growth, reproduction and dispersal of photoautotrophs: An evolutionary and biogeochemical perspective

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