Phosphate Uptake is Correlated with the Root Length of Celery Plants Following the Association between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Pseudomonas sp. and Biochar with Different Phosphate Fertilization Levels

Abstract

The interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) and Pseudomonas sp. has received considerable attention. The presence of biochar may affect these microorganisms, with subsequent modification of the phosphorus uptake and root morphology, and plant biomass accumulation. This research sought to identify, in the presence or absence of biochar, the effects of the interactions of mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas sp. on the responses of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) uptake and the root length, surface area, and volume of celery plants with low and high P fertilization under different substrate and soil conditions. The results indicate that strong growth responses of celery plants were observed due to the combination of AM fungi, Pseudomonas sp., and biochar with low P fertilization. A strong linear relationship was found between the plant root length and P accumulation in the shoot fraction in the present study. Increased P and N uptake occurred in treatments combining these microorganisms rather than alone, and this increase especially occurred in the presence of biochar. The low availability of P was substantially recovered by the association of these three aspects. The root morphology was greatly influenced by the biochar additives and in combination with AM fungi and Pseudomonas sp. The root colonization rate of AM fungi was increased by the combination of the inoculation of Pseudomonas sp. and biochar rather than AM fungi and/or Pseudomonas sp. These results indicate an accumulating effect of AM fungi, Pseudomonas sp., and biochar exists on the plant growth response and nutrient uptake because of the increasing root length, surface area, and volume, rather than root biomass.

Comparison of Agronomic Performance between Japonica/Indica Hybrid and Japonica Cultivars of Rice Based on Different Nitrogen Rates

“…Nutrient absorption in rice is closely related to root characteristics. Rice roots with good morphology and excellent physiology are beneficial to the acquisition of nutrients that maintain crop plants growth [35,36]. Several studies have demonstrated that japonica/indica hybrid rice had a stronger and more active root system than japonica conventional rice [9,33].…”

Biochar in temperate soils: opportunities and challenges

“…This beneficial effect increased P-uptake and crop productivity (Ning et al 2019). In a greenhouse study, Lévesque et al (2020b) found that bacterial richness, due to a better accessibility of C substrates, increased when biochar (maple bark and pine chips; 700°C) was added in peat-based growing media.…”

“…For example, the combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Pseudomonas spp., and biochar increased root length, root surface area and root volume of celery (Apium graveolens L.) plants compared to AMF and/or Pseudomonas sp. alone (Ning et al 2019).…”

“…Biochar can cause major changes to the composition of microbial communities, including mycorrhiza, enzyme activity, and other soil organisms at higher trophic levels (Warnock et al 2007;Anderson et al 2011;Ning et al 2019;Lévesque et al 2020a, b;Liu et al 2020;Manirakiza et al 2021). The biochar mechanisms interact with microorganisms in the soil are, however, complex and this will depend on the pyrolysis conditions, biochar composition and soil properties (Gorovtsov et al 2020).…”

Unlocking the potential of co-applied biochar and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for sustainable agriculture under stress conditions

“…High and low phosphorus (P) level and fungi was also combined with PGPR and biochar PGPR + biochar increased P uptake by 24.5% and 72.1% than biochar only and PGPR only treatments Adding Pseudomonas sp. along with fungi and biochar increased root volume by 26–36% and 23–61% than fungi + biochar at high and low P , respectively It also increased root surface area by 27–73% at high and low P level, respectively, than using fungi + biochar [ 39 ] Alcaligenes sp. Phosphorus and zinc solubilization, ACC deaminase activity, and IAA and siderophore production Biochar source was maize straw Application level of biochar: 0.5 tons ha −1 Maize ( Zea mays L.) Field experiment; combined application of biochar, rock phosphate enriched compost humic acid and Alcaligenes sp.…”