Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors for Erectile Dysfunction

Setter, Stephen M.; Iltz, Jason L.; Fincham, Jack E.; Campbell, R. Keith; Baker, Danial E.

doi:10.1345/aph.1e487

Cited by 67 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…[1,8] The smooth muscle dilation and vasodilation of blood vessels in the penis that cause an erection are regulated by nitric oxide and guanylate cyclase. The PDE5 inhibitors potentiate penile erections by increasing the levels of cGMP, as seen in Figure 1.…”

Section: Andrologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1,2] This was first described over 2000 years ago by the ancient Egyptians; from that time, our knowledge of penile anatomy and physiology has changed remarkably. [1,2] Today, it is recognized that ED has organic causes such as ischemia, smooth muscle damage, or altered blood flow. [3] Other causes of ED are androgen deficiency, performance anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and in many cases, prescription drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3] Other causes of ED are androgen deficiency, performance anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and in many cases, prescription drugs. [1][2][3] A common tool to evaluate ED in clinical trials is the 15-item self-administered questionnaire, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF); however, is has a limited use in routine clinical practice. [1,3] Varying rates of ED have been reported throughout literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] A common tool to evaluate ED in clinical trials is the 15-item self-administered questionnaire, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF); however, is has a limited use in routine clinical practice. [1,3] Varying rates of ED have been reported throughout literature. It is estimated that up to 49 million men in the United States have some degree of ED and that the number is currently over 152 million worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1,8] This enzyme is responsible for the degradation of 3'5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which in turn causes the deactivation of cGMP. Most human tissue expresses several types of phosphodiesterase isozymes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Current use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in urology

Hakky¹,

Jain²

2015

Turkish Journal of Urology

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The causes of male erectile dysfunction (ED) are quite variable and are now commonly divided into etiologies such as ischemia, smooth muscle damage, or altered blood flow. Although varying rates of ED have been reported in literature, the number of men with ED is projected to increase worldwide by 2025 to approximately 322 million. Since the introduction of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, there has been a paradigm shift in the treatment of ED because PDE5 inhibitors address a broad spectrum of etiologies for ED. Today, the American Urological Association recommends the use of three PDE5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil) as a first-line therapy for the treatment of ED. This review evaluates the pharmacological mechanism of PDE5 inhibitors along with the impact and use of sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil, and avanafil. By increasing intracellular cGMP levels, PDE5 inhibitors have been shown to be effective in the treatment of ED. Through their effects on other cellular signaling pathways, PDE5 inhibitors have the potential for treating other urologic conditions as well. The use of PDE5 inhibitors can also be combined to produce a synergistic effect in conditions such as male hypogonadism and benign prostatic hyperplasia in addition to ED.

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Section: Andrologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Current use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in urology

Hakky¹,

Jain²

2015

Turkish Journal of Urology

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The Discovery of Stendra™(Avanafil) for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction

Yamada

Sakamoto

Omori

et al. 2015

Successful Drug Discovery

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The role of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells in gastrointestinal cancer

Cui

Lan

2021

Cancer Communications

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Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer encompasses a range of malignancies that originate in the digestive system, which together represent the most common form of cancer diagnosed worldwide. However, despite numerous advances in both diagnostics and treatment, the incidence and mortality rate of GI cancer are on the rise. Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that increase in number under certain pathological conditions, such as infection and inflammation, and this expansion is of particular relevance to cancer. MDSCs are heavily involved in the regulation of the immune system and act to dampen its response to tumors, favoring the escape of tumor cells from immunosurveillance and increasing both metastasis and recurrence. Several recent studies have supported the use of MDSCs as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in patients with cancer, and potentially as a novel treatment target. In the present review, the mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive functions of MDSCs are described, and recent researches concerning the involvement of MDSCs in the progression, prognosis, and therapies of GI cancer are reviewed. The aim of this work was to present the development of novel treatments targeting MDSCs in GI cancer in the hope of improving outcomes for patients with this condition.

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Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors for Erectile Dysfunction

Abstract: Sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil are safe and effective PDE5 inhibitors for the treatment of ED.

Cited by 67 publications

References 61 publications

Current use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in urology

Current use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in urology

The Discovery of Stendra™(Avanafil) for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction

The role of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells in gastrointestinal cancer

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