Phosphogypsum weathering and implications for pollutant discharge into an estuary

An Integrated Precipitation–Electrodeposition–Electrodialysis Strategy for Efficient Close-Loop Recovery of Multiple Anions from Phosphogypsum Leachate

“…As a result, the leachate causes severe environmental pollution, especially for underground water, surface water, and soil around the landfill sites. 7,8 Fluoride exposure can lead to dental fluorosis or immune system abnormalities; 9−11 in addition, the excessive influx of phosphate into rivers and lakes can stimulate the growth of algae and aquatic plants, resulting in algal blooms and eutrophication. 12 Extensive studies have demonstrated the detrimental impacts of PG leachates on both the environment and human health, and it is of great emergency to develop advanced technologies to remediate the PG leachates and simultaneously recover valuable anions from a circular economy point of view.…”

“…During this process, a substantial amount of phosphogypsum (PG) is generated as solid waste and subsequently deposited in landfill sites. , This PG waste contains significant quantities of harmful anions, including fluoride (F – ), phosphate (PO 4 3– ), and sulfate (SO 4 2– ), which can be easily leached out when exposed to rainwater. As a result, the leachate causes severe environmental pollution, especially for underground water, surface water, and soil around the landfill sites. , Fluoride exposure can lead to dental fluorosis or immune system abnormalities; − in addition, the excessive influx of phosphate into rivers and lakes can stimulate the growth of algae and aquatic plants, resulting in algal blooms and eutrophication . Extensive studies have demonstrated the detrimental impacts of PG leachates on both the environment and human health, and it is of great emergency to develop advanced technologies to remediate the PG leachates and simultaneously recover valuable anions from a circular economy point of view. , …”

Review of the State of Impurity Occurrences and Impurity Removal Technology in Phosphogypsum

“…China is the world’s largest phosphate fertilizer producer and has become the world’s largest phosphogypsum resource by-product country, with annual production in phosphogypsum of about 75 million tons, but the comprehensive utilization rate is about 45% only; as the accumulated stockpile has reached 830 million tons, which takes up a lot of land, there is a serious risk of environmental pollution [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ] and a waste of precious resources of calcium and sulfur. The main component of phosphogypsum is calcium sulfate dihydrate.…”

Effect of mixed cation acetate electrolyte on synthesis of α‐hemihydrate gypsum from phosphogypsum

“…2,3 Due to the complex impurities, such as phosphorus, fluorine, residual acid, organic matter, and even heavy metals, it is difficult to recycle it. [4][5][6][7] Especially, the harmful substances existing in the gypsum crystals will be slowly released during the dissolution process, 8,9 seriously affecting the application value of materials. 10 At present, the preparation of α-hemihydrate gypsum (α-HH) from PG has been widely recognized in the field of building materials, α-HH has good workability, and related products have excellent performance in strength, hardness, biocompatibility, and other aspects, with obvious advantages of high value-added.…”

“…In general, in the wet process of PG, for every ton of P 2 O 5 produced, 4.5–5.5 tons of PG are produced as by‐products 2,3 . Due to the complex impurities, such as phosphorus, fluorine, residual acid, organic matter, and even heavy metals, it is difficult to recycle it 4–7 . Especially, the harmful substances existing in the gypsum crystals will be slowly released during the dissolution process, 8,9 seriously affecting the application value of materials 10 .…”