Phospholipase Dδ assists to cortical microtubule recovery after salt stress

Abstract

The dynamic microtubule cytoskeleton plays fundamental roles in the growth and development of plants including regulation of their responses to environmental stress. Plants exposed to hyper-osmotic stress commonly acclimate, acquiring tolerance to variable stress levels. The underlying cellular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we show, for the first time, by in vivo imaging approach that linear patterns of phospholipase Dδ match the localization of microtubules in various biological systems, validating previously predicted connection between phospholipase Dδ and microtubules. Both the microtubule and linear phospholipase Dδ structures were disintegrated in a few minutes after treatment with oryzalin or salt. Moreover, by using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy of the cells in the root elongation zone of Arabidopsis, we have shown that the cortical microtubules rapidly depolymerized within 30 min of treatment with 150 or 200 mM NaCl. Within 5 h of treatment, the density of microtubule arrays was partially restored. A T-DNA insertional mutant lacking phospholipase Dδ showed poor recovery of microtubule arrays following salt exposition. The restoration of microtubules was significantly retarded as well as the rate of root growth, but roots of overexpressor GFP-PLDδ prepared in our lab, have grown slightly better compared to wild-type plants. Our results indicate that phospholipase Dδ is involved in salt stress tolerance, possibly by direct anchoring and stabilization of de novo emerging microtubules to the plasma membrane, providing novel insight into common molecular mechanism during various stress events.

Cell wall contributes to the stability of plasma membrane nanodomain organization of Arabidopsis thaliana FLOTILLIN2 and HYPERSENSITIVE INDUCED REACTION1 proteins

“…PM proteins often exhibit aggregated distribution, that is they are localized in PM‐associated nanodomains. This has been described for many plant PM proteins with various cellular functions, such as water transporters, ion channels, auxin carriers, remorins, alternative oxidase, various receptor kinases and phospholipases (Li et al , ; Martiniere and Runions, ; Jarsch et al , ; Hao et al , ; Tapken and Murphy, ; Konrad and Ott, ; Bücherl et al , ; Angelini et al , ; Liang et al , ). In this work, we demonstrate that nanodomain localization is also shared among isoforms of At FLOTs and At HIRs.…”

“…Seedling expressing At HIR1–YFP were transformed with FAST/AGROBEST method using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58C1 carrying MBD–mRFP gene construct (Angelini et al , ) according to Li et al (). Briefly, 4‐day‐old seedlings were co‐cultivated with Agrobacterium suspensions of OD 600 = 0.1, 0.06, and 0.04 in ¼MS liquid medium supplemented with 100 μ m acetosyringon for 48 h in darkness and subsequently rinsed twice with ¼MS medium supplemented with cefotaxime (600 μg ml −1 for 10 min or 200 μg ml −1 for 1–2 h).…”

Recent Advances in the Cellular and Developmental Biology of Phospholipases in Plants

“…On the other hand, reductions in the levels of PLD-produced PA leads to perturbed actin organization, which is mediated by the binding of PA to an actin-capping protein (Huang, 2006). In addition to actin, PLDs also bind to microtubules (Dhonukshe et al., 2003; Zhang et al., 2017b; Angelini et al., 2018; Figure 2), and MAP65-1 was found to be a direct target of PA that is important for microtubule regulation. In this way, PLDα1-derived PA controls microtubule organization during salt stress and enhances the tolerance of Arabidopsis to this stress (Zhang et al., 2012).…”

Comparative spatial lipidomics analysis reveals cellular lipid remodelling in different developmental zones of barley roots in response to salinity

“…Phospholipase D (PLD) are a family of enzymes that hydrolase the phosphodiester bond on the head group of glycerophospholipids producing PA and a soluble head group (Hong et al, 2016). PLDδ activity in Arabidopsis has been reported in response to dehydration (Katagiri, Takahashi, & Shinozaki, 2001), freezing tolerance, (Li, Li, Zhang, Welti, & Wang, 2004), H 2 O 2 -induced cell death (Zhang et al, 2003), under salt stress conditions (Bargmann et al, 2008;Katagiri et al, 2001), basal defence to powdery mildew fungi (Pinosa et al, 2013), and to microtubule-plasma membrane stabilization under salt stress (Angelini et al, 2018).…”