Phospholipid fatty acid-derived microbial biomass and community dynamics in hot, hydrothermally influenced sediments from Middle Valley, Juan De Fuca Ridge

Ridge, Juan De Fuca; Summit, Melanie; Peacock, Aaron; Ringelberg, David B.; White, David C.; Baross, John A.

doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.169.117.2000

Cited by 17 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In addition, non-culture-dependent 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) analysis has been applied to a variety of vent samples (see, e.g., references 11, 14, 15, 23, 29, and 30). However, most of the previous studies were limited to the surfaces of hydrothermal vent systems, while interest in the subsurface habitats of hydrothermal vents (subvents) has been increasing.Only a few subvent microbiological studies have been conducted with sediment, sedimentary rock layers, and igneous rocks from relatively shallow depths (less than 52 m below the seafloor [mbsf]) (4,5,22,26,27). Here, we report the first evidence for the occurrence of a deep-sea subvent biosphere (maximum depth, 128.9 mbsf), by using igneous rock core samples from a back-arc basin hydrothermal vent field.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Only a few subvent microbiological studies have been conducted with sediment, sedimentary rock layers, and igneous rocks from relatively shallow depths (less than 52 m below the seafloor [mbsf]) (4,5,22,26,27). Here, we report the first evidence for the occurrence of a deep-sea subvent biosphere (maximum depth, 128.9 mbsf), by using igneous rock core samples from a back-arc basin hydrothermal vent field.…”

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Distribution of Microorganisms in the Subsurface of the Manus Basin Hydrothermal Vent Field in Papua New Guinea

Kimura

Asada

Masta

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The distribution of microorganisms in the subsurfaces of hydrothermal vents was investigated by using subvent rock core samples. Microbial cells and ATP were detected from cores taken at depths of less than 99.4 and 44.8 m below the seafloor (mbsf), respectively. Cores from various depths were incubated anaerobically with a heterotrophic medium. Growth at 60 and 90°C was ascribed to a Geobacillus sp. in the 448.6-to 99.4-mbsf cores and a Deinococcus sp. in the 64.8-to 128.9-mbsf cores, respectively, based on the 16S ribosomal DNA analysis.Since the discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vents, a number of thermophiles and hyperthermophiles have been isolated from chimneys, sediments, and ambient water of the hydrothermal vent fields (reviewed by Reysenbach et al. [21]). In addition, non-culture-dependent 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) analysis has been applied to a variety of vent samples (see, e.g., references 11, 14, 15, 23, 29, and 30). However, most of the previous studies were limited to the surfaces of hydrothermal vent systems, while interest in the subsurface habitats of hydrothermal vents (subvents) has been increasing.Only a few subvent microbiological studies have been conducted with sediment, sedimentary rock layers, and igneous rocks from relatively shallow depths (less than 52 m below the seafloor [mbsf]) (4,5,22,26,27). Here, we report the first evidence for the occurrence of a deep-sea subvent biosphere (maximum depth, 128.9 mbsf), by using igneous rock core samples from a back-arc basin hydrothermal vent field.

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Distribution of Microorganisms in the Subsurface of the Manus Basin Hydrothermal Vent Field in Papua New Guinea

Kimura

Asada

Masta

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…These studies found that mesophilic, thermophilic and hyperthermophilic members of Epsilonproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Aquificales, Thermococcales and Methanococales were the potentially predominant microbial components in the sub-vent biosphere. In addition, previous studies associated with international scientific ocean drilling projects have also indicated the existence of microbial cells in deep subsurface sedimentary and rocky habitats in the hydrothermal vent systems on the Juan de Fuca Ridge (Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 139 (Cragg and Parkes, 1994) and 169 (Cragg et al, 2000;Summit et al, 2000) and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 301 (Lever et al, 2013)) and the Manus Basin (ODP Leg 193 (Kimura et al, 2003)). However, these microbial explorations associated with scientific ocean drilling projects have not successfully provided data on the compositions and functions of potential subseafloor microbial communities.…”

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confidence: 99%

Defining boundaries for the distribution of microbial communities beneath the sediment-buried, hydrothermally active seafloor

et al. 2016

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Subseafloor microbes beneath active hydrothermal vents are thought to live near the upper temperature limit for life on Earth. We drilled and cored the Iheya North hydrothermal field in the MidOkinawa Trough, and examined the phylogenetic compositions and the products of metabolic functions of sub-vent microbial communities. We detected microbial cells, metabolic activities and molecular signatures only in the shallow sediments down to 15.8 m below the seafloor at a moderately distant drilling site from the active hydrothermal vents (450 m). At the drilling site, the profiles of methane and sulfate concentrations and the δ 13 C and δD isotopic compositions of methane suggested the laterally flowing hydrothermal fluids and the in situ microbial anaerobic methane oxidation. In situ measurements during the drilling constrain the current bottom temperature of the microbially habitable zone to~45°C. However, in the past, higher temperatures of 106-198°C were possible at the depth, as estimated from geochemical thermometry on hydrothermally altered clay minerals. The 16S rRNA gene phylotypes found in the deepest habitable zone are related to those of thermophiles, although sequences typical of known hyperthermophilic microbes were absent from the entire core. Overall our results shed new light on the distribution and composition of the boundary microbial community close to the high-temperature limit for habitability in the subseafloor environment of a hydrothermal field.

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“…The subseafloor is also one of the most difficult environments to sample. Studies of the subsurface have relied either on sediment cores from deep-sea drilling (9,38,45) or on fluids leaking out of the crust at stable vents or at new sea floor eruption sites (13,23,24,44). Most of what is known about subseafloor microbial communities is based on cultured microorganisms (23,24,44,46,47) and microscopic observations of microbial communities ejected from the subsurface (8,23) Embley, and G. J. Massoth, unpublished data).…”

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Temporal Changes in Archaeal Diversity and Chemistry in a Mid-Ocean Ridge Subseafloor Habitat

Huber¹,

Butterfield

Baross³

2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

222

261

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The temporal variation in archaeal diversity in vent fluids from a midocean ridge subseafloor habitat was examined using PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and most-probable-number (MPN) cultivation techniques targeting hyperthermophiles. To determine how variations in temperature and chemical characteristics of subseafloor fluids affect the microbial communities, we performed molecular phylogenetic and chemical analyses on diffuse-flow vent fluids from one site shortly after a volcanic eruption in 1998 and again in 1999 and 2000. The archaeal population was divided into particle-attached (>3-m-diameter cells) and free-living fractions to test the hypothesis that subseafloor microorganisms associated with active hydrothermal systems are adapted for a lifestyle that involves attachment to solid surfaces and formation of biofilms. To delineate between entrained seawater archaea and the indigenous subseafloor microbial community, a background seawater sample was also examined and found to consist only of Group I Crenarchaeota and Group II Euryarchaeota, both of which were also present in vent fluids. The indigenous subseafloor archaeal community consisted of clones related to both mesophilic and hyperthermophilic Methanococcales, as well as many uncultured Euryarchaeota, some of which have been identified in other vent environments. The particleattached fraction consistently showed greater diversity than the free-living fraction. The fluid and MPN counts indicate that while culturable hyperthermophiles represent less than 1% of the total microbial community, the subseafloor at new eruption sites does support a hyperthermophilic microbial community. The temperature and chemical indicators of the degree of subseafloor mixing appear to be the most important environmental parameters affecting community diversity, and it is apparent that decreasing fluid temperatures correlated with increased entrainment of seawater, decreased concentrations of hydrothermal chemical species, and increased incidence of seawater archaeal sequences.Hydrothermal vent environments consist of multiple biotopes that span many of the physical and chemical conditions known to support life, including large ranges of temperature, pH, pressure, and oxygen concentrations and various forms of chemical energy, such as hydrogen sulfide, methane, and hydrogen (3,27,35). In all of these biotopes, microorganisms utilize either chemical energy derived from the reaction of water with rock at high temperatures or organic compounds derived from multiple sources (27). The microbial diversity varies from a single species of bacteria, as is the case for animal endosymbionts (52), to complex communities of different thermal groups of bacteria and archaea observed in hot vent fluids (42, 48, 49), sulfide structures (14,20,48,50), and microbial mats (31, 36). The subseafloor biotopes are probably the most enigmatic, since they are characterized by variable porosity (22) and complex thermal and chemical gradients (6) due to mixing of seawater with hydroth...

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Phospholipid fatty acid-derived microbial biomass and community dynamics in hot, hydrothermally influenced sediments from Middle Valley, Juan De Fuca Ridge

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

Distribution of Microorganisms in the Subsurface of the Manus Basin Hydrothermal Vent Field in Papua New Guinea

Distribution of Microorganisms in the Subsurface of the Manus Basin Hydrothermal Vent Field in Papua New Guinea

Defining boundaries for the distribution of microbial communities beneath the sediment-buried, hydrothermally active seafloor

Temporal Changes in Archaeal Diversity and Chemistry in a Mid-Ocean Ridge Subseafloor Habitat

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