Phosphorescent dye-based supramolecules for high-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes

Kim, Kwon Hyeon; Lee, Sunghun; Moon, Chang Ki; Kim, Sei Yong; Park, Young-Seo; Lee, Jeong‐Hwan; Lee, Jin Woo; Huh, Jin Woo; You, Youngmin; Kim, Jang‐Joo

doi:10.1038/ncomms5769

Cited by 358 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…11). 11,12,27,28,30,81 Actually, a high Θ of up to 100% have been reported using sticklike TADF molecules, such as Cis-BOX2 (Θ ¼ 100% at substrate temperature ¼ 200 K) and IPN-SBA (Θ ¼ 93%). 28,30 These values are much higher than the reported Θ of iridium complex with a sphere-like structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…58 A green phosphorescent OLED based on bis(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III)acetylacetonate ½IrðppyÞ 2 ðacacÞ exhibited a PE of 124 lm W −1 , EQE of 29.1%, and low turn-on voltage of 2.4 V. Similarly, the same group developed red phosphorescent OLEDs using (bis(4-methyl-2-(3,5-dimetylphenyl)quinoline))Ir(III)(tetrametylheptadionate) ½IrðmphqÞ 2 ðtmdÞ as a red emitter and B3PyMPM/N,N′-di(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine (NPD) as exciplex host material, and a resulting OLED exhibited a very high EQE of 35.6%. 12 The exciplex formation from these hosts can create an almost perfect carrier balance, realizing a low turn-on voltage of 2.1 V and negligible efficiency roll-off (EQE ¼ 30% at 10;000 cd m −2 ). If a suitable host combination is used, even blue exciplex can be realized.…”

Section: Pyrimidine-containing Exciplex Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,10 Phosphorescent OLEDs have achieved a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of >30% even at high luminance of over 1000 cd m −2 . [11][12][13] Recently, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters based on pure organic compounds have been considered as an alternate technology to phosphorescent counterparts to realize an IQE of 100%. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Until recently, several TADF OLEDs have achieved a high EQE of over 30% at maximum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent progress of pyrimidine derivatives for high-performance organic light-emitting devices

2018

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Abstract. Pyrimidine is an electron-deficient azaaromatic compound containing two nitrogen atoms at 1, 3-positions that plays a key role as an organic semiconductor or semiconducting material. Because of the high electron-accepting property induced by C═N double bonds and due to its coordination ability, pyrimidine has been incorporated as a building block in phosphorescent emitters, fluorescent emitters, bipolar host materials, and electron transporting materials in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Recently, pyrimidine-based thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters combined with various electron donors have been developed, and their device performances were far better than those based on conventional fluorescent emitters. In this review, recent progress of pyrimidine-based OLED materials is presented and accompanied by a historical overview, current status, key issues, and outlook for the next generation of high-performance OLED materials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pyrimidine-containing Exciplex Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent progress of pyrimidine derivatives for high-performance organic light-emitting devices

2018

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“…One of recent trends is to develop OLED emitting materials with more preferentially horizontal emitting dipoles (i.e., with >67% horizontal dipole ratios),11, 12, 38, 39, 40, 41 so that the radiation patterns inside the OLED are more favorable for direct out‐coupling, the loss or trapping to waveguided/SPP modes is reduced, and the light extraction from a planar OLED can be enhanced even without adopting any optical out‐coupling structures. For instance, for the conventional top‐emitting green device (thin Ag or ITO), the light extraction efficiency η ext compromised with viewing/color performance can be enhanced to some degree from 16–24% (for isotropic emitters) to ≈34% by adopting purely horizontal dipole emitters with HR = 100% (see Figures S16 and S17, Supporting Information, for details).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Vision toward Ultimate Optical Out‐Coupling for Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Displays: 3D Pixel Configuration

et al. 2018

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Despite stringent power consumption requirements in many applications, over years organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) displays still suffer unsatisfactory energy efficiency due to poor light extraction. Approaches have been reported for OLED light out‐coupling, but they in general are not applicable for OLED displays due to difficulties in display image quality and fabrication complexity and compatibility. Thus to date, an effective and feasible light extraction technique that can boost efficiencies and yet keep image quality is still lacking and remains a great challenge. Here, a highly effective and scalable extraction‐enhancing OLED display pixel structure is proposed based on embedding the OLED inside a three‐dimensional reflective concave structure covered with a patterned high‐index filler. It can couple as much internal emission as possible into the filler region and then redirect otherwise confined light for out‐coupling. Comprehensive multi‐scale optical simulation validates that ultimately high light extraction efficiency approaching ≈80% and excellent viewing characteristics are simultaneously achievable with optimized structures using highly transparent top electrodes. This scheme is scalable and wavelength insensitive, and generally applicable to all red, green, and blue pixels in high‐resolution full‐color displays. Results of this work are believed to shed light on the development of future generations of advanced OLED displays.

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“…This effect has been well known for polymeric OLEDs [98,99], fluorescent emitters [97,100], and even phosphorescent emitters doped in isotropic materials [101]. The orientation depends on the anisotropic property of the host or dopant in an emissive layer and also the packing within such host-guest systems [102][103][104].…”

Section: Loss Mechanism and Dipole Orientation In Oledsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into organic light emitting devices: photophysics, recombination, and out coupling

Maasoumi¹

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Display technology is expected to have a market industry value greater than 70 billion US dollars by 2026. Although organic light emitting devices have found their way into the display industry, there is still a need for higher device efficiencies, lower cost materials, and easier, scalable production methods. This drives the need to gain a deeper understanding of organic semiconductors, which can pave the way to these goals. As such, there is undeniable demand for new classes of semiconductor materials, ideally with a high photoluminescence quantum yield, balanced charge transport, and high light out-coupling through dipole engineering.This thesis describes a body of work which specifically addresses the task of independent control over luminescent, transport and processing properties of organic semiconducting materials with dendritic structures. A family of Ir(III) complexes is introduced and studied including dendrimers; poly(dendrimers); and co-polymers. In the first instance, photo-physical and electrical properties of materials are described, before building on this knowledge to develop efficient organic light emitting diodes. The dipole orientation was furthermore studied in these materials as an intrinsic property of with a view to achieving higher out coupling. Finally, moving away from a material-centric approaches and dendritic design, the charge transport and emissive properties of organic semiconductors were simultaneously studied in a heterostructure light-emitting field effect transistor by cryogenic techniques.The main findings from this research were as follows: I) the photophysical properties improved by increasing the number of dendron branches in the dendritic structure. This delivers extra insulating space between the chromophore cores which leads to less concentration quenching; II) combining dendrimers with a polymer backbone was beneficial not only toward improving the film quality but also providing heteroleptic structures which are more likely to contain horizontally oriented emissive dipoles; III) the results of temperature-dependent measurements demonstrated that, as the device was cooled down, the intrinsic hole mobility followed an Arrhenius response with the overall EQE increases.

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Phosphorescent dye-based supramolecules for high-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes

Cited by 358 publications

References 40 publications

Recent progress of pyrimidine derivatives for high-performance organic light-emitting devices

Recent progress of pyrimidine derivatives for high-performance organic light-emitting devices

A Vision toward Ultimate Optical Out‐Coupling for Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Displays: 3D Pixel Configuration

New insights into organic light emitting devices: photophysics, recombination, and out coupling

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