Phosphorus Bioavailability: A Key Aspect for Conserving this Critical Animal Feed Resource with Reference to Broiler Nutrition

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element, and the majority of animal feed phosphate is derived from phosphate rock that is a non-renewable resource. Current global P reserves may be depleted in 50-100 years. This poses the challenge of securing future P supply for the global animal feed industries. Currently, nutritionists formulate diets with substantial safety margins to guarantee that animals do not become P deficient. Excessive dietary P concentrations increase, not only the cost of diets, but also P excretion and pollution of the environment. We contend that understanding P bioavailability is central to the sustainable use of this mineral in animal agriculture. Poultry accounts for approximately 50% of animal feed phosphate consumption worldwide and for this reason we use the meat chicken or broiler as a case study to explore the nuances of P bioavailability. We conclude that, to tackle the challenge of dietary P bioavailability, cooperative research on a global scale is needed to standardise measurement procedures in order to produce a robust and reliable database which can be used by nutritionists to formulate diets to meet the bird's P requirements precisely. Achievement of this goal will assist endeavours to sustain the global supply of phosphorus.

Optimal Available Phosphorus Levels in Diets Containing Different Dicalcium Phosphate Particle Sizes for Japanese Quails

“…The highest FI was determined in birds fed 0.44% avP from FPP and 0.28% avP from CPP (Table 3), and may be explained by the higher P availability in FPP, releasing P ions in the intestinal lumen, causing greater reaction with other nutrients and forming inorganic phosphates, consequently reducing P absorption (Li et al, 2016;DiMeglio & Imel, 2019).Therefore, birds need to increase their feed intake to supply their P requirements. At the same time, according to the theory of feed intake regulation (Gonzalez, 2002), high intestinal P levels may saturate P absorption sites, reducing blood P levels because P absorption rate is slower when compared with that of other minerals.…”

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol from Solanum glaucophyllum supports normal growth and reduces the negative effects of calcium and phosphorus restriction on broilers’ bone tissue

“…It is well know that 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 is the major endogenous regulator of Ca metabolism in birds and, together with parathormone, it increases intestinal Ca absorption, intensifies Ca mobilization from the bones, and decreases renal Ca excretion (VELDURTHY et al, 2016). These activities seem to be mediated by the activation of vitamin D receptor genes, expressed in almost all tissues and cells of the body (HAUSSLER et al, 1997;VERSTUYF et al, 2010;MAESTRO et al, 2016).…”

“…Several metabolic pathways are activated in the interval between Ca and P absorption and their deposition into the bones. Most of these pathways are ultimately regulated by 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ) and parathormone (LI et al, 2016;. Endogenous synthesis of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 depends on a two-step hydroxylation of cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3 ): first in the liver, generating 25(OH) D 3 (PONCHON et al, 1969); second in the kidneys, generating 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 (FRASER; KODICEK, 1970).…”

Enterococcus Faecium Modulates the Gut Microflora of Broilers and Enhances Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization

“…In addition, eutrophication due to high P excretion is becoming more and more serious, which intensi es concerns about P utilization and the sustainability of broiler production [6].…”