Phosphorus Compounds

Abstract

Phosphorus compounds exhibit an enormous variety of chemical and physical properties as a result of the wide range in the oxidative states and coordination numbers for the phosphorus atom. The intermediate electronegativity of phosphorus also plays a role. Phosphorus oxides, halides, sulfides, hydrides (phosphines), nitrogen compounds, and metal phosphides, as well as organophosphorus compounds, are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the commercially important phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorus pentasulfide, phosphorus(V) oxide, and phosphine. Structure and nomenclature of phosphorus compounds and their organic derivatives are presented. Properties of the P–O, P–S, P–H, P–C, and P–X ( \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${{\rm{X}}={\rm{halogen}}}$\end{document} ) bonds are given. The manufacture of the commercial phosphorus compounds are outlined. Phosphorus compounds are found in or used as intermediates for the manufacture of oil additives, heat‐transfer and hydraulic fluids, water‐treatment chemicals, catalysts, herbicides, flame retardants, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, semiconductors, and surfactants. Intermediates in the preparation of organophosphorus derivatives are reviewed.

Toward air-stable multilayer phosphorene thin-films and transistors

“…Moreover, Raman spectrum of a degraded flake ( Supplementary Note 3 ) displayed peaks characteristic of P-O stretching modes 16 31 32 33 34 , lending further experimental support to the suggested oxides or oxyacids. The vast diversity of phosphorus compounds 35 , owing to its wide range of oxidation states (+1 to +5) and coordination numbers, and the possible influence of native impurities or defects in the BP crystal warrant rigorous chemistry research beyond the scope of this work to precisely characterize the air-degraded products.…”

Small molecule generators of biologically reactive sulfur species

“… 42,57 Thiophosphoryl chloride (PSCl 3 ) is another inorganic salt that is known to produce H 2 S upon hydrolysis. 58 However, the insoluble nature of these reagents limits its application.…”