Phosphorus in Forage Production

Abstract

The aim in developing this work was to summarize information about phosphorus (P) limitation and dynamic in tropical soils for forage grasses production. The major idea is direct information about limited factors affecting P availability, dynamic of P fractionation, P pools, P forms, P use efficiency, and the 4R's Nutrient Stewardship' for P-fertilizer in forage grasses. Organizing these sub-headings in a chapter can result in interesting of how P behaves under tropical soils, in order to take decision to manage P-fertilizer to accomplish forage grasses production with social, economic, and environmental benefits. As the most limiting nutrient in tropical soils, P-fertilizer in forage grasses can be more effective if the best management practices are followed. In order to avoid excess P-fertilizer application in soil or P-fertilizer response with low efficiency, it is important to understand the P dynamic and the factors associated with P adsorption in soil. Even with low amount of P requested to forages species, the P available in soil is quite low, and this knowledge is primordial to direct P-fertilizer. Tropical soils are quite limited in P content, due to the natural formation with parental material poor in P content and highly weathering condition. Thus, in order to improve phosphorus use efficiency, the 4R's must be followed to improve P use efficiency (PUE). It is not easy to improve PUE in highly weathering soil with high buffering capacity; however, all the combination of best management practices for P-fertilizer application can result in better use efficiency. Based on the scarcity of natural P-sources in the whole world, the use of alternative P-sources should be incentivized, and more researches about this issue are need for better understanding.

Integrated Process of Immediate One-Step Lime Precipitation, Atmospheric Carbonation, Constructed Wetlands, or Adsorption for Industrial Wastewater Treatment: A Review

“…Typically, these technologies are energy-efficient and resource-efficient processes that minimize the use of chemicals and other inputs and may incorporate renewable energy sources and closed-loop systems to reduce the overall environmental footprint [53]. So, some eco-innovative aspects have been found in this integrated process, namely [47,48,54]: (i) The IOSLM process (or lime precipitation) uses a single reagent (hydrated lime) of low cost and high availability; the sludge produced is stabilized, is rich in nutrients, has the potential to be used in acid soils, and is less harmful than iron/alum sludge obtained by conventional coagulationflocculation processes (the iron/alum sludges can contaminate groundwater by leaching iron and aluminum salts in acidic soils [55] and limit plant growth due to lower nutrient availability [56,57]; the destination of iron/alum sludges is landfilling disposal); (ii) The atmospheric carbonation process contributes to atmospheric CO 2 mitigation since in this process atmospheric CO 2 is used to neutralize alkaline effluent to values around neutrality, therefore, no consumption of acids and the problems associated with them occurs; (iii) Constructed wetlands are eco-friendly, and mimic natural processes that already occur in nature; and (iv) Many wastes that could end up in landfills can be used as adsorbents in industrial wastewater treatment through the adsorption process.…”

Reuse of Treated Slaughterhouse Wastewater from Immediate One-Step Lime Precipitation and Atmospheric Carbonation to Produce Aromatic Plants in Hydroponics

“…Menegassi et al [6] observed that the treated SWW favors the production of grass in soil without the need for nitrogen supplementation. Although treated SWW has a high potential for reuse in agriculture, the sludge resulting from the treatment still needs to be stabilized and contain metallic residues that can limit plant growth due to lower nutrient availability [7,8], so its disposal is landfill. Therefore, it is necessary to rethink how SWW should be treated and then recovered.…”

Effect of Zinc along with Organic Fertilizers on Phosphorus Uptake and Use Efficiency by Cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.)

“…Grasses are plants with a high phosphorus demand [42]. Cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) grass is often grown in temperate climates.…”