No abstract

Streszczenie Badano wpływ zanieczyszczenia gleby niklem (0, 75, 150 i 225 mg Ni kg-1 gleby) na tle zróżnicowanego wapnowania (0 Ca i Ca w g 1 Hh) i materiałów organicznych (bez stosowania materiałów organicznych, słoma żytnia i węgiel brunatny z Kopalni Węgla Brunatnego Turów) na zawartość niklu w kupkówce pospolitej i frakcje tego metalu w glebie. Analizowano cztery pokosy kupkówki pospolitej zebrane w trzecim roku doświadczenia wazonowego oraz oznaczono frakcje niklu w glebie pobranej po ostatnim pokosie rośliny testowej. Zawartość niklu w roślinie oraz ogólną zawartość tego pierwiastka w glebie oznaczono metodą ICP-AES po wcześniejszej mineralizacji. Frakcje niklu w glebie oznaczono metodą frakcjonowania sekwencyjnego - BCR. Wprowadzenie do gleby niklu, niezależnie od ilości, spowodowało istotne zwiększenie jego zawartości w biomasie kupkówki pospolitej oraz w glebie we wszystkich frakcjach, przede wszystkim we frakcji wymiennej (F1). Wapnowanie gleby oraz aplikacja materiałów organicznych zmniejszyły zawartość niklu w biomasie kupkówki pospolitej oraz w glebie we frakcji wymiennej, bezpośrednio przyswajalnej przez rośliny, powodując jednocześnie zwiększenie jego udziału we frakcji rezydualnej (wapnowanie) oraz redukowalnej i utlenialnej (aplikacja materiałów organicznych).

Zinc is essential for the growth and development of plants, but in excessive amounts in the soil it can be toxic for them. Its mobility depends in part on the organic matter content of the soil. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of application of increasing amounts of zinc (200, 400 and 600 mg Zn·kg−1 of soil) together with various forms of organic fertilizer (cattle manure, chicken manure and spent mushroom substrate) on the yield of cocksfoot and the content and uptake of this metal, and to determine its bioaccumulation factor and tolerance indices. A minor effect of zinc on cocksfoot, expressed as a decrease in yield, was observed following the application of 400 mg Zn·kg−1 of soil. Increasing application to 600 mg Zn·kg−1 caused a significant decrease in yield. Application of 400 and 600 mg Zn·kg−1 of soil significantly reduced the value of the Zn/Org tolerance index. Increasing levels of zinc application increased its content and uptake by cocksfoot and reduced the bioaccumulation factor in the plants. All of the organic materials applied increased the yield of cocksfoot and its uptake of zinc. Spent mushroom substrate increased the Zn/Org tolerance index, while cattle manure and chicken manure increased the Org/Zn tolerance index, which confirms their protective action against high zinc content in the soil.

Scarce findings on phosphorus (P) uptake and its utilization under increased zinc (Zn) levels in organic fertilizers amended soil led to conducting research. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of increasing the application of zinc (200, 400, and 600 mg·kg−1 of soil) together with different organic fertilizers (bovine manure, chicken manure, and spent mushroom substrate) on the content and uptake of phosphorus by cocksfoot and the phosphorus use efficiency from organic fertilizers. The application of different amounts of zinc did not affect phosphorus content in the grass, but it significantly influenced its accumulation (p < 0.05). The most phosphorus uptake was accumulated by plants following zinc application at 200 mg·kg−1 of soil and the least following application of 600 mg·kg−1 of soil. The phosphorus use efficiency from organic fertilizers was increased by zinc application of 400 mg·kg−1 of soil and reduced by 600 mg·kg−1 of soil. Organic fertilizers did not significantly affect the phosphorus content in the grass but did increase its uptake. The highest phosphorus use efficiency was obtained for bovine manure. The study showed no antagonistic relationships between zinc and phosphorus, but increasing zinc application affected the coefficient of phosphorus utilization from organic fertilizers.

The problem of soils and plants polluted by heavy metals is becoming increasingly important every year because their amount in the environment is systematically increasing MATERIALS AND METHODS