Phosphorus recovery as struvite: Recent concerns for use of seed, alternative Mg source, nitrogen conservation and fertilizer potential

Kataki, Sampriti; West, Helen; Clarke, Michèle L.; Baruah, D.C.

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.12.009

Cited by 278 publications

(159 citation statements)

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“…There are examples of larger scale P recovery as struvite (MgNH 4 PO 4 ⋅6H 2 O) (Ueno and Fujii, 2001; Schoumans et al, 2015; Kataki et al, 2016). A number of full‐scale processes are commercially available or in operation, particularly at wastewater treatment plants and industrial sites in Europe, although struvite recovery from livestock wastewater remains a challenge (Schoumans et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For example, Ca interferes with struvite precipitation, and in many cases, livestock wastewater is high in Ca (Zhang et al, 2010; Tao et al, 2016). The use of different seed materials may lead to varying P recovery efficiency (Kataki et al, 2016), and contamination from the livestock waste stream may also be the source of substantial variation in the recovered materials (Massey et al, 2010). Due to the variability among waste streams, P recovery processes, and recovered P materials, it is essential to characterize recovered P to understand the potential for P release when recovered P is applied as a soil amendment or fertilizer.…”

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confidence: 99%

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X‐Ray Spectroscopic Quantification of Struvite and Dittmarite Recovered from Wastewater

Massey

2019

J of Env Quality

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Phosphorus recovery from wastewater as struvite (MgNH4PO4⋅6H2O) or dittmarite (MgNH4PO4⋅H2O) can decrease water pollution risk, as well as produce a P‐rich material suitable as fertilizer. However, most studies to date have focused on the removal of P from wastewater, rather than on characterization of the recovered P materials. The objective of this work was to apply microfocused X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, and both bulk and microfused X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, to provide insight into the speciation of recovered P in various struvite‐containing and struvite‐like materials. Three materials were investigated: homogeneous crystalline struvite on apatite seed, homogeneous dittmarite, and heterogeneous struvite with sand contamination (referred to as the “sandy” material). The struvite materials were recovered from dairy wastewater, whereas the dittmarite was from a cheese processing plant. Phosphorus speciation in the crystalline struvite on apatite seed material was ∼17% apatite and 83% struvite; in the “sandy” material, P was ∼24% apatite and ∼76% struvite, with an uncertainty of approximately ±15%. The P K‐edge XANES spectra of recovered dittmarite appeared pure. These findings highlight the heterogeneity of recovered P materials and underscore the importance of P speciation to understand P release behavior and bioavailability from recovered phosphates. Core Ideas Multiple methods should be used to corroborate spectroscopic estimates of P speciation. Dittmarite P K‐edge XANES spectra are distinct from spectra of chemically similar struvite. Phosphorus K‐edge XANES spectroscopy can quantify Mg‐associated P >15 atom% P.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

X‐Ray Spectroscopic Quantification of Struvite and Dittmarite Recovered from Wastewater

Massey

2019

J of Env Quality

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“…Struvite is generally considered a slow‐release fertilizer due to its low solubility in water and relatively slow dissolution in soil (Bridger et al, 1962; Cabeza et al, 2011; Achat et al, 2014; Talboys et al, 2016). The value of struvite as a crop fertilizer has been investigated in many recent studies (Gell et al, 2011; Katanda et al, 2016; Degryse et al, 2017; Katanda et al, 2019) and summarized in several thorough reviews (Liu et al, 2013; Rahman et al, 2014; Kataki et al, 2016; Ahmed et al, 2018; Möller et al, 2018; Peng et al, 2018) and one meta‐analysis (Huygens and Saveyn, 2018). …”

Section: Recycling and Recovering Phosphorus From Waste Streams Back mentioning

confidence: 99%

Options for Improved Phosphorus Cycling and Use in Agriculture at the Field and Regional Scales

et al. 2019

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Soil phosphorus (P) cycling in agroecosystems is highly complex, with many chemical, physical, and biological processes affecting the availability of P to plants. Traditionally, P fertilizer recommendations have been made using an insurance‐based approach, which has resulted in the accumulation of P in many intensively managed agricultural soils worldwide and contributed to the widespread water quality issue of eutrophication. To mitigate further environmental degradation and because future P fertilizer supplies are threatened due to finite phosphate rock resources and associated geopolitical and quality issues, there is an immediate need to increase P use efficiency (PUE) in agroecosystems. Through cultivar selection and improved cropping system design, contemporary research suggests that sufficient crop yields could be maintained at reduced soil test P (STP) concentrations. In addition, more efficient P cycling at the field scale can be achieved through agroecosystem management that increases soil organic matter and organic P mineralization and optimizes arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbioses. This review paper provides a perspective on how agriculture has the potential to utilize plant and microbial traits to improve PUE at the field scale and accordingly, maintain crop yields at lower STP concentrations. It also links with the need to tighten the P cycle at the regional scale, including a discussion of P recovery and recycling technologies, with a particular focus on the use of struvite as a recycled P fertilizer. Guidance on directions for future research is provided. Core Ideas There is an urgent need to increase P use efficiency in agroecosystems. Crop yields could be maintained at lower than recommended soil test P concentrations. Both the quantity and quality of organic matter influence P availability. Further research on ability of organic P to supply P to crops is needed. Struvite has the potential to fill an important niche in P recycling.

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“…In order to meet standards of phosphorous concentration in effluent, some wastewater treatment plants recover phosphorous as struvite (MgNH 4 PO 4 ·6H 2 O), due to the advantage of being a slow-release fertilizer [2,3]. Some interesting methodologies to enhance the precipitation of struvite include the addition of magnesium by means of fluidized bed reactors at an industrial scale in many countries including Denmark, Japan (PHOSNIX), Canada (Ostara), Netherland (PHOSPAQ™, AirPrex), and Germany (Seaborne, AirPrex) [4]. Today, the recovered struvite is sold as commercialized fertilizers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to make the entire phosphorous recovery process fully aligned with sustainable development, alternative methods have to be developed. Several studies have addressed alternative and cost-effective magnesium sources for phosphorous (P) removal [4]. Some studies suggest bittern; the byproduct from salt manufacturing [5,6], wood ash [7], or seawater and brine [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treated Seawater as a Magnesium Source for Phosphorous Recovery from Wastewater—A Feasibility and Cost Analysis

2016

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Conventional resources of phosphorous are at high risk of depletion in the near future due to current practices of its exploitation, thus new and improved exploration methodologies need to be developed to ensure phosphorous security. Today, some treatment plants recover phosphorous from municipal wastewater as struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O). Magnesium is often added to the wastewater as MgCl2·6H2O to facilitate the phosphorous recovery. However, the use of magnesium increases the costs of the process and is not aligned with sustainable development, therefore, alternative magnesium sources have to be found. The current study analyzes the feasibility of integrated membrane processes for magnesium recovery from seawater for utilization in the phosphorous recovery process. The integrated membrane systems consist of nanofiltration (NF), membrane distillation (MD), and membrane crystallization (MCr). The lowest associated cost is found for standalone NF treatment. However, the additional treatment with MD and MCr produces fresh water and salts like NaCl or potentially other valuable minerals at the expense of low-grade heat.

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Phosphorus recovery as struvite: Recent concerns for use of seed, alternative Mg source, nitrogen conservation and fertilizer potential

Cited by 278 publications

References 99 publications

X‐Ray Spectroscopic Quantification of Struvite and Dittmarite Recovered from Wastewater

X‐Ray Spectroscopic Quantification of Struvite and Dittmarite Recovered from Wastewater

Options for Improved Phosphorus Cycling and Use in Agriculture at the Field and Regional Scales

Treated Seawater as a Magnesium Source for Phosphorous Recovery from Wastewater—A Feasibility and Cost Analysis

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