“…The latter are usually applied as homogeneous chemical reactions using mainly toxic reagents and organic solvents that result into partial or total disruption of the original fibrous integrity. The synthesis of phosphorus cellulose derivatives has thus been performed in various solvents [dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO)-methylamine, DMAc-LiCl, SO 3 -triethylamine, formic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)-N 2 O 4 , paraformaldehyde, trimethylchlorosilane-DMF, urea in melt or aqueous-NaOH], with many variants of phosphorous compounds (phosphoric and phosphinic acids, phosphorus oxoacids, phosphorus pentoxide, amidophosphates, alkyl or aryl derivatives of phosphorous acids) (Granja et al, 2001a(Granja et al, , 2001bIsogai & Atalla, 1998;McCormick, Callais, & Hutchinson, 1985;Nifant'ev, 1965;Oshima et al, 2011;Petreus, Bubulac, Petreus, & Cazacu, 2003;Ramos, Assaf, El Seoud, & Frollini, 2005). The highest substitution degree (DS between 1 and 2.8) of water soluble phosphorylated cellulose was obtained from the reaction of MCC with phosphorous acid/urea, either in melt (Inagaki, Nakamura, Asai, & Katsuura, 1976;Suflet et al, 2006) or subsequently to microwave activation (Gospodinova et al, 2002).…”