Photocardiography: A Novel Method for Monitoring Cardiac Activity in Fish

Yoshida, Masayuki; Hirano, Ruriko; Taguchi, Shima

doi:10.2108/zsj.26.356

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the acquisition session, the last 0.1 s of CS overlapped with the presentation of US. Heart beats were recorded by a photocardiography technique [26] in which the cardiac activity was optically and noninvasively monitored. The magnitude of the conditioned bradycardic response was quantified as the bradycardia index.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The magnitude of the conditioned bradycardic response was quantified as the bradycardia index. The bradycardia index was calculated according to Yoshida et al [26]. Briefly, the heart beat frequency during a 5-s period after onset of CS was subtracted from the heart beat frequency during a 5-s period before onset of CS (pre-CS heart beat frequency).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of local anesthesia of the cerebellum on classical fear conditioning in goldfish

Yoshida

Hirano

2010

Behav Brain Funct

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BackgroundBesides the amygdala, of which emotion roles have been intensively studied, the cerebellum has also been demonstrated to play a critical role in simple classical fear conditioning in both mammals and fishes. In the present study, we examined the effect of local administration of the anesthetic agent lidocaine into the cerebellum on fear-related, classical heart-rate conditioning in goldfish.MethodsThe effects of microinjection of the anesthetic agent lidocaine into the cerebellum on fear conditioning were investigated in goldfish. The fear conditioning paradigm was delayed classical conditioning with light as a conditioned stimulus and electric shock as an unconditioned stimulus; cardiac deceleration (bradycardia) was the conditioned response.ResultsInjecting lidocaine into the cerebellum had no effect on the base heart rate, an arousal/orienting response to the novel stimulus (i.e., the first presentation of light), or an unconditioned response to electric shock. However, lidocaine injection greatly impaired acquisition of conditioned bradycardia. Lidocaine injection 60 min before the start of the conditioning procedure showed no effect on acquisition of conditioned bradycardia, indicating that the effect of lidocaine was reversible.ConclusionsThe present results further confirm the idea that the cerebellum in teleost fish, as in mammals, is critically involved in classical fear conditioning.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of local anesthesia of the cerebellum on classical fear conditioning in goldfish

Yoshida

Hirano

2010

Behav Brain Funct

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“…The first issue has recently been resolved in the transparent zebrafish line Casper (Wenner, 2009) and the second issue may be resolved by innovations in imaging technologies and data storage in the near future. Alternatively, the heart beat may be monitored in an electrocardiogram or ECG (Milan et al, 2006; Sun et al, 2009; Yu et al, 2010), or by photocardiography, which makes use of near-infrared light that is detected by a phototransistor located outside the body (Yoshida et al, 2009). However, these more invasive techniques may be incompatible with the analysis of normal behavior in free-swimming fish.…”

Section: Escape and Avoidance Behavior In Adult Zebrafishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging escape and avoidance behavior in zebrafish larvae

2011

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Synopsis This review provides an overview of the assays that are used for measuring escape and avoidance behavior in zebrafish, with a specific focus on zebrafish larvae during the first week of development. Zebrafish larvae display a startle response when exposed to tactile, acoustic, or visual stimuli and will avoid dark areas, moving objects, conspecifics, and open spaces. Emotional states such as fear and anxiety may be induced when larvae are exposed to stimuli that they would normally escape from or avoid. While these emotional states may differ between species and change during development, much can be learned about human fear and anxiety using zebrafish as a model system. The molecular mechanisms of fear and anxiety are highly conserved in vertebrates and are present during early zebrafish development. Larvae during the first week of development display elevated cortisol levels in response to stress and are sensitive to the same anxiolytics that are used for the management of anxiety in humans. Zebrafish larvae are well suited for high-throughput analyses of behavior, and automated systems have been developed for imaging and analyzing the behavior of zebrafish larvae in multiwell plates. These high-throughput analyses will not only provide a wealth of information on the genes and environmental factors that influence escape and avoidance behaviors and the emotional states that may accompany them, but will also facilitate the discovery of novel pharmaceuticals that may be used in the management of anxiety disorders in humans.

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“…In addition, various non-invasive microscopic video analysis methods have been developed to determine heart rate (Chan et al, 2009; Yoshida et al, 2009), to quantify ventricular fractional shortening [a measure of systolic contractile function (Denvir et al, 2008; Fink et al, 2009)], and to analyse blood flow dynamics by tracking movement of erythrocytes or fluorescent molecules introduced into the circulation (Schwerte and Pelster, 2000; Hove et al, 2003). For assessment of cardiac conduction and excitability, Ca 2+ -sensitive fluorescent dyes (Ebert et al, 2005; Langenbacher et al, 2005; Milan et al, 2006) or a fluorescent Ca 2+ indicator transgene [Tg(cmlc2:gCaMP)] (Chi et al, 2008) can be used, and transmembrane APs may be evaluated using voltage-sensitive dyes (Panáková et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish: a novel research tool for cardiac (patho)electrophysiology and ion channel disorders

Verkerk

Remme

2012

Front. Physio.

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The zebrafish is a cold-blooded tropical freshwater teleost with two-chamber heart morphology. A major advantage of the zebrafish for heart studies is that the embryo is transparent, allowing for easy assessment of heart development, heart rate analysis and phenotypic characterization. Moreover, rapid and effective gene-specific knockdown can be achieved using morpholino oligonucleotides. Lastly, zebrafish are small in size, are easy to maintain and house, grow fast, and have large offspring size, making them a cost-efficient research model. Zebrafish embryonic and adult heart rates as well as action potential (AP) shape and duration and electrocardiogram morphology closely resemble those of humans. However, whether the zebrafish is truly an attractive alternative model for human cardiac electrophysiology depends on the presence and gating properties of the various ion channels in the zebrafish heart, but studies into the latter are as yet limited. The rapid component of the delayed rectifier K+ current (IKr) remains the best characterized and validated ion current in zebrafish myocytes, and zebrafish may represent a valuable model to investigate human IKr channel-related disease, including long QT syndrome. Arguments against the use of zebrafish as model for human cardiac (patho)electrophysiology include its cold-bloodedness and two-chamber heart morphology, absence of t-tubuli, sarcoplamatic reticulum function, and a different profile of various depolarizing and repolarizing ion channels, including a limited Na+ current density. Based on the currently available literature, we propose that zebrafish may constitute a relevant research model for investigating ion channel disorders associated with abnormal repolarization, but may be less suitable for studying depolarization disorders or Ca2+-modulated arrhythmias.

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Photocardiography: A Novel Method for Monitoring Cardiac Activity in Fish

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Effects of local anesthesia of the cerebellum on classical fear conditioning in goldfish

Effects of local anesthesia of the cerebellum on classical fear conditioning in goldfish

Imaging escape and avoidance behavior in zebrafish larvae

Zebrafish: a novel research tool for cardiac (patho)electrophysiology and ion channel disorders

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