Photocatalysis of xenobiotic organic compounds in greywater using zinc oxide nanoparticles: a critical review

Yashni, G.; Al‐Gheethi, Adel; Hossain, Md. Sohrab; Kamil, Amani Filzah; Shanmugan, Vikneswara Abirama

doi:10.1111/wej.12619

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 211 publications

(181 reference statements)

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“…But ZnO NPs able to penetrate easily through this hard, strong cell membrane. ZnO NPs exert antimicrobial action and destroy bacterial growth [23].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green versus Chemical Precipitation Methods of Preparing Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Investigation of Antimicrobial Properties

Bekele¹,

Degefa²,

Tesgera³

et al. 2021

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Comparison of green and chemical precipitation method syntheses of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was performed, and antimicrobial properties were investigated. Avocado, mango, and papaya fruit extracts were carried out for the green synthesising methods, while the chemical precipitation method was chosen from chemical synthesis methods. Zinc nitrate was used as a salt precursor, whereas leaf extract was served as a reducing agent for green synthesising methods. In addition, sodium hydroxide, polyvinyl alcohol, and potassium hydroxide were used as reducing agents in the case of chemical precipitation synthesis methods. ZnO NPs were characterised by characterizing techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activities of prepared nanoparticles were evaluated on Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium). The particle sizes of the prepared samples which were evaluated by the Scherrer equation were in the range of 11-21 nm for green synthesis, while 30-40 nm for chemical precipitation synthesis methods. Small agglomerations were observed from SEM results of prepared ZnO NPs from both methods. Prepared ZnO NPs were showed strong antimicrobial properties. From the result, the inhibition zone was in the range of 15-24 mm for the green route and 7–15 mm for chemical precipitation methods, where the standard drugs have 25 mm of the zone of inhibition. A green synthesised method of preparing ZnO NPs gives promising antimicrobial properties compared to chemical synthesis and is also eco-friendly and safe compared to the chemical synthesis.

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“…But ZnO NPs able to penetrate easily through this hard, strong cell membrane. ZnO NPs exert antimicrobial action and destroy bacterial growth [23].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green versus Chemical Precipitation Methods of Preparing Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Investigation of Antimicrobial Properties

Bekele¹,

Degefa²,

Tesgera³

et al. 2021

Journal of Nanomaterials

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“…ZnO NPs used in this study was synthesised by a green approach using leaves extract of Coriandrum sativum and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM/EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC), atomic force microscope (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy, as reported in the previous work (Yashni et al 2019;Yashni et al 2020aYashni et al , 2020bYashni et al , 2020c.…”

Section: Preparation and Characterization Of Zno Npsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Greywater from households is one of the sources of water pollutants. The composition of greywater varies extensively from household to household based on the cosmetics, detergents, hair dyes and other personal habits of residents (Yashni et al 2020a(Yashni et al , 2020b(Yashni et al , 2020c. Some sanitary specialists described the greywater as water that is lower in quality than potable water, but of higher quality than black water (Leong et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photocatalysis is a green method owing to its non-energy intensive and low temperature method for degradation and mineralization of pollutants (Yashni et al 2020a(Yashni et al , 2020b(Yashni et al , 2020c. The method acts based on the illumination of semiconductors such as TiO 2 and ZnO, which can be induced to the electron-hole pairs by photons with a proper energy level (Fan et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reusability performance of green zinc oxide nanoparticles for photocatalysis of bathroom greywater

Yashni

Al-Gheethi

2020

Water Practice and Technology

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This study aims to investigate the potential of green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in reusability performance for photocatalysis of bathroom greywater. It was found that ZnO NPs photocatalytic treatment of real bathroom greywater (RBGW) effluent reduces both the COD and BOD5 concentrations by 72.01, 62.75 and 57.79% (COD) and 70.18, 60.32 and 57.56% (BOD5) respectively for the first, second and third cycle. Meanwhile for the photocatalysis of ABGW, it was observed that COD and BOD5 were removed by 82.27, 68.27 and 60.96% (COD) and 82.91, 74.37 and 60.39% (BOD5) for the first, second and third cycle respectively. Besides, TSS and turbidity were reduced by 52.34, 46.85 and 37.98% (TSS) and 80.38, 67.65 and 56.81% (turbidity) respectively in RBGW and for ABGW, TSS and turbidity were reduced by 60.94, 52.37 and 41.95% (TSS) and 80.68, 72.63 and 69.91% (turbidity) for the first, second and third experimental run respectively. This designates that green ZnO NPs can be reused multiple times as an effective photocatalyst. However, ZnO NPs were used in the dispersed form, which causes difficulty in the separation of ZnO NPs from the greywater. Thus, further investigation in producing appropriate fixed film should be focused. Moreover, phytotoxicity analysis of V. radiate seeds in the treated ABGW and RBGW was not significantly different from their germination in water. This assured the less lethal nature of the degradation metabolites in greywater effluent. This investigation would be a solution to wastewater treatment plant for reusing photocatalyst in order to achieve the development of advanced and greener technologies. Highlight The potential of green ZnO Nanoparticles in degrading bathroom greywater is discussed. The reusability performance of green zinc oxide nanoparticles for photocatalysis of bathroom greywater is also discussed.

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“…In addition, NPs known for its efficiency owing to their porous structures and large specific surface areas 15 . ZnO is a metal oxide semiconductor with a wide, direct band gap (3.37 eV), and a large exciton binding energy (60 meV) 16 . ZnO is very stable, non‐toxic, corrosion resistance, insoluble in water, economical, and can be excited by a wide UV spectrum, ranging from 245 to 380 nm 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green ZnO nanoparticles photocatalyst for efficient BR51 degradation: Kinetics and mechanism study

Gopalakrishnan

Al-Gheethi

Arifin

et al. 2020

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Dyes are broadly utilized and therefore wastewaters discharged into rivers or public sewage treatment plants are extremely polluted. Thus, the current work aimed to study the kinetic for photocatalytic degradation of Basic Red 51 (BR51) dye in aqueous solution by green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). The results revealed that the maximum degradation (98.40%) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (98.08%) was recorded with 150 mg of ZnO NPs, pH 3 and 5 ppm of BR51. ZnO NPs showed high reusability of 95.73%. The photocatalytic degradation of BR51 follows pseudo first‐order kinetics, the apparent rate constants (Kapp) of solar photocatalytic degradation of BR51 were determined as 0.3798, 0.6066, 0.2747 and 0.1307 min−1 for 5, 10, 15 and 20 ppm of BR51 at optimum condition respectively. Phytotoxicity study confirms that the degraded products of BR51 are non‐toxic. This confers the possibility of applying green ZnO NPs for the treatment of industrial wastewaters containing dye pollutants to ensure the environmental sanitation for future generations.

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Photocatalysis of xenobiotic organic compounds in greywater using zinc oxide nanoparticles: a critical review

Cited by 23 publications

References 211 publications

Green versus Chemical Precipitation Methods of Preparing Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Investigation of Antimicrobial Properties

Green versus Chemical Precipitation Methods of Preparing Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Investigation of Antimicrobial Properties

Reusability performance of green zinc oxide nanoparticles for photocatalysis of bathroom greywater

Green ZnO nanoparticles photocatalyst for efficient BR51 degradation: Kinetics and mechanism study

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