“…There are many methods of producing nanostructured TiO 2 , such as the hydrothermal method [9,10], sol-gel technique [11,12], chemical vapour deposition (CVD) [13][14][15], physical vapour deposition [16,17], solvothermal method [18,19], electrochemical approaches (e.g. anodising of Ti) [20][21][22], solution combustion method [23][24][25], microemulsion [26,27], micelle and inverse micelle methods [28,29], ball milling [30], a flame by vapour phase [31], sonochemical reactions [32] and plasma evaporation [33,34].…”