“…[11][12][13][14] However, TiO 2 has a wide band gap of 3.0-3.2 eV, which causes it to respond only under ultraviolet radiation, and its photocarriers recombine rapidly, which seriously hinders its application and development in practice. 15,16 In order to solve this problem, many researchers used metal doping, [17][18][19] nonmetal doping, 20 precious metal deposition, 21,22 etc. The introduction of dopants can effectively reduce the band gap width of TiO 2 , which makes TiO 2 absorb in the visible region, and increases the internal electron acceptor, thus slowing down the carrier recombination rate.…”