Photocatalytic degradation of aniline in water using CuO nanoparticles

An overview report on the application of heteropoly acids on supporting materials in the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants from aqueous solutions

“…Therefore, electrons move to the surface of the photocatalyst where the hole is transferred to the adsorbed hydroxide to create ∘ OH, and accordingly the electron reacts with O 2 to form superoxide anion radical ( ∘ O 2 − ) (Ghaneian et al, 2014b; Mahmoodi et al, 2016; Norzaee et al, 2017; Shi et al, 2012). …”

“…Several studies have shown that an increase in pollutant concentration leads to a decrease in photocatalytic efficiency through different ways (Feng & Shang, 2012; Lu et al, 2013; Mahmoodi et al, 2016; Niu & Hao, 2011; Norzaee et al, 2017; Xu et al, 2012; Yang et al., 2012). …”

“…As for the dyes, the higher concentration of dye makes the color of solution very deeper and thus results in limiting the penetration of light to the solution depth and reaching the surface of photocatalyst (Feng & Shang, 2012). Besides, a constant intensity of light source and illumination time leads to a constant amount of the generated radicals (Norzaee et al, 2017). Hence, surplus dye molecules cannot be degraded and are represented as a low degradation efficiency (Niu & Hao, 2011).…”

“…However, these methods cannot completely degrade the pollutants into nontoxic substances; rather, they often are just responsible for transferring these substances to other phases (Yang et al, 2012). In this regard, photocatalytic degradation can be regarded as one of the promising technologies to solve this problem (Lu et al, 2013; Norzaee et al, 2017). During the last decade, heterogeneous photocatalysis has received much attention as an unconventional technology in environmental remediation because of its advantages such as applying mild experimental conditions; i.e., atmospheric pressure and room temperature (Marcì, García-López & Palmisano, 2014).…”

UV Activation of Persulfate for Removal of Penicillin G Antibiotics in Aqueous Solution

“… Moreover, the concentration of hydroxyl ions at high pH increases scavenging the hydroxyl radical (see ( 6 )) [ 16 ]. In other words, at higher pH values, the presence of high amounts of OH • radicals causes radical–radical reactions and then leads to the consequent deactivation of OH • radicals [ 27 ]. In addition, at low pH, SO 4 −∙ is dominant.…”