“…Nevertheless, the enhanced photocatalytic efficiency by Cu nanoparticles doping compared with pure TiO 2 film in our case (13.51% in 6 h) is relatively low in comparison with most of the reported metal-Nps/TiO 2 composite films [17,19,27,29]. This may result from the CueO bond formed at the interface of Cu and TiO 2 as mentioned above, which is adverse to the photogenerated carriers separation.…”