Photocatalytic Remediation of Industrial Dye Waste Streams Using Biochar and Metal-Biochar Hybrids: A Critical Review

Thermal plasma processing of Moringa oleifera biochars: adsorbents for fluoride removal from water

“…4). 47 Thus, we can conclude the bonds noticed in the used biochar; bonds below 650 cm −1 is for C–F, C–Br, and C–I. While 3700–2500 cm −1 represents single bonds to hydrogen, 2300–2000 cm −1 for triple bonds, 1900–1500 cm −1 is for double bonds, 1400–650 cm −1 for single bond (other than hydrogen), between 3000 to 2800 cm −1 represents C–H bonds, between 200 to 1500 cm −1 for CO, CN.…”

Surface Treatment of Biochar: Methods, Surface Analysis and Potential Applications. A Comprehensive Review

“…The most important applications of biochar concern soil amendment and agriculture [1][2][3] , but recently much has been achieved in the design of biochar-supported nanocatalysts for water treatment consisting in total mineralization of organic pollutants such as dyes and drugs 4,5 . Other applications concern the use of biochar as fillers in composite materials [6][7][8] , electrode materials 9,10 and for the developments of novel engineered biochar for the treatment of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) 11,12 , to name but these applications.…”

Waste‐Valorized Nanowebs for Crystal Violet Removal from Water

“…These organic pollutants are classified as xenobiotics and exhibit potential toxicity toward living organisms. [3,4] The dye crystal violet (CV) also represents a significant challenge due to its high water solubility. [5] CV consists of aromatic rings and quaternary ammonium groups, which form strong π-π interactions and electrostatic attractions, respectively, leading to its resistance to degradation.…”

“…Various methods have been explored to tackle the removal of CV from water, each with its own set of limitations. [3] Existing methods include electrochemical technologies such as electrocoagulation (EC), an advanced electrochemical method: It operates by generating metal-OH flocs (amorphous larger clumps) within the wastewater, which can subsequently be purified through electrodissolution of soluble anodes. [16,17] Coagulation-flocculation is another water treatment process that removes dyes by adding chemicals to water.…”

“…For instance, TiO 2 -based NMs require artificial UV light for activation, which restricts their applicability to sunlight-exposed regions. Similarly, graphene quantum dots, [23] graphene-oxide-doped hydrogels, [24] activated carbon, [25,26] biochar, [3,[27][28][29] and metal-organic framework-based NMs [30] often face difficulties in achieving efficient powder dispersion because of aggregation tendency and challenging recovery through centrifugation (or filtration), limiting their practical use. Additionally, carbon nanotubes, [31] despite their excellent adsorption properties, [32,33] may be expensive and pose potential health risks if released into the environment.…”