Photochemical cleavage of a polymeric solid: details of the ultraviolet laser ablation of poly(methyl methacrylate) at 193 nm and 248 nm

Srinivasan, R.; Braren, Bodil; Seeger, David E.; Dreyfus, R. W.

doi:10.1021/ma00157a074

Cited by 179 publications

(76 citation statements)

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“…With time-of-flight measurements, fullerenes have been found in the ablation plume [163][164][165][166]. The fullerenes can only be formed from a complete fragmentation to C 1 , C 2 , and C 3 fragments [167], which have been found with laser-induced fluorescence measurements [168]. Whether the tree-like structures are formed by the redeposition of plume particles or by remaining carbon clusters is not clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mass spectrometric studies have been performed on various polymers under various conditions, e.g., as a function of irradiation wavelength and laser fluence [213]. Analysis of the ejected material has revealed ionic and neutral species with masses ranging from small degradation fragments [214,215], to the monomer (from unzipping reactions) [216,217], to carbon clusters [218], and finally to polymer fragments with molecular weights of up to 2,500 [168,219]. Time-of-flight (TOF) distributions (in reality, these are "time-of-arrival" curves) of neutral fragments have been analyzed to determine the energy distributions of the fragments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser Application of Polymers

Lippert

2004

Polymers and Light

150

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Laser ablation of polymers has been studied with designed materials to evaluate the mechanism of ablation and the role of photochemically active groups on the ablation process, and to test possible applications of laser ablation and designed polymers. The incorporation of photochemically active groups lowers the threshold of ablation and allows high-quality structuring without contamination and modification of the remaining surface. The decomposition of the active chromophore takes place during the excitation pulse of the laser and gaseous products are ejected with supersonic velocity. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry reveals that a metastable species is among the products, suggesting that excited electronic states are involved in the ablation process. Experiments with a reference material, i.e., polyimide, for which a photothermal ablation mechanism has been suggested, exhibited pronounced differences. These results strongly suggest that, in case of designed polymers which contain photochemically active groups, a photochemical part in the ablation mechanism cannot be neglected. Various potential applications for laser ablation and the special photopolymers were evaluated and it became clear that the potential of laser ablation and specially designed material is in the field of microstructuring. Laser ablation can be used to fabricate three-dimensional elements, e.g., microoptical elements.Keywords Laser ablation · Ablation mechanism · Photopolymers · Polyimide · Spectroscopy This was not always true, of course. For many years, the laser was viewed as "an answer in search of a question". That is, it was seen as an elegant device, but one with no real useful application outside of fundamental scientific research. In the last two to three decades however, numerous laser applications have moved from the laboratory to the industrial workplace or the commercial market. Lasers are unique energy sources characterized by their spectral purity, spatial and temporal coherence, and high average peak intensity. Each of these characteristics has led to applications that take advantage of these qualities: -Spatial coherence: e.g., remote sensing, range finding and many holographic techniques. -Spectral purity: e.g., atmospheric monitoring based on high-resolution spectroscopies. -and of course the many other applications in communication and storage, e.g., CDs.All of these high-tech applications have come to define everyday life in the late twentieth century. One property of lasers, however, that of high intensity, did not immediately lead to "delicate" applications but rather to those requiring "brute force". That is, the laser was used in applications for removing material or heating. The first realistic applications involved cutting, drilling, and welding, and the laser was little more advanced than a saw, a drill, or a torch. In a humorous vein A.L. Schawlow proposed and demonstrated the first "laser eraser" in 1965 [4], using the different absorptivities of paper and ink to remove the ink without damaging the und...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Application of Polymers

Lippert

2004

Polymers and Light

150

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“…Different lasers have been used to study the ablation rate of cornea tissue [5][6][7][8][9][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Two methods were most commonly used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The photoablative effect of other lasers such as KrF (248 nm) [3,5,6], XeCl (308 nm) [3,5], Er: YAG (2.94 m), Er:YSGG (2.79 m), CTE:YAG (2.69 m) [7][8][9], free electron laser [10], frequency quadrupled (266 nm) [11], and quintupled Nd: YAG (213 nm) [12,13], etc., also have been studied. Among these lasers, the frequency-quintupled Nd:YAG laser (213 nm) is promising, because its wavelength and pulse duration are very close to those of the ArF excimer laser.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ablation rate of PMMA and human cornea with a frequency-quintupled Nd:YAG laser (213 nm)

et al. 1997

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“…De plus, deux types de molécules sont à considérer. Dans le cas du dépôt de polymères, l'ablation se traduit par une dépolymérisation et la re-polymérisation sur le substrat de monomères ou de fractions de chaînes [8]. Au contraire les molécules, dont l'organisation en phase solide ne comporte pas d'enchevêtrements, peuvent être ablatées et transférées sans décomposition.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Élaboration de films de molécules organiques par ablation par laser UV

et al. 2006

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Résumé. Les potentialités des méthodes de dépôt par ablation laser (PLD) pour la préparation de films minces de matériaux organiques sont illustrées par un bref rappel bibliographique et par des résultats expérimentaux concernant des molécules d'intérêt biologique (acides aminés, calix-arènes, protéines). Les films sont préparés par PLD avec un laser KrF sans dégradation de la structure chimique des molécules dans une gamme de fluences de quelques dizaines à quelques centaines de mJ/cm 2 . Les propriétés structurales et optiques des films sont étudiées en fonction de la fluence du laser et mettent en évidence des arrangements moléculaires particuliers induits par cette méthode de dépôt. Le guidage optique a été obtenu pour des films de toutes ces molécules.

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Photochemical cleavage of a polymeric solid: details of the ultraviolet laser ablation of poly(methyl methacrylate) at 193 nm and 248 nm

Cited by 179 publications

References 2 publications

Laser Application of Polymers

Laser Application of Polymers

Ablation rate of PMMA and human cornea with a frequency-quintupled Nd:YAG laser (213 nm)

Élaboration de films de molécules organiques par ablation par laser UV

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