The first synthesis of benzoxaphospholenes dates back to the 1960s. Since then,t he structuralv ariety of reported (benz)oxaphospholenesh as steadily increased. Organophosphorusc ompounds have caught the interesto fs ynthetic chemists for ac ouple of decades now because of their interesting biological properties. Oxaphospholenes,i n particular,c ould serve as carbohydrate mimetics, and benzoxaphospholenes have been reported to possess bactericidal, insecticidal, herbicidal, and fungistatical properties. Transesterification reactions and addition of phosphorus nucleophiles to carbonylc ompoundsw ere reaction types that led to the production of the first (benz)oxaphospholenes.When it was discovered that allenylphosphonates could easily be obtainedf rom propargyl alcohols and dialkylh alophosphites, the electrophile-induced cyclization reaction of these allenylphosphonate precursors resulted in ah uge boom in the amounto fr eports on oxaphospholene synthesis. To this day,t his methodi ss till frequently used. Ring-closing metathesis and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reactions have also provent heir potentialf or the preparation of oxaphospholenes. In recent years, Pd, Rh and Au-catalysis have made their entry,g enerating (benz)oxaphospholenes from a wide variety of simple substrates. Ac ouple of miscellaneous methods are summarized at the end of the Review.[a] J.