Photochemically Driven Polymeric Biocompatible and Antimicrobial Thiol–Acrylate Nanocomposite Suitable for Dental Restoration

Abstract

The development a photochemically driven polymeric composite for dental restorative materials to restore tooth cavities with antibacterial, biocompatibility, and outstanding mechanical properties is an urgent need for clinical application in stomatology. Herein, a series of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers and antibacterial polyurethane acrylate quaternary ammonium salts (PUAQASs) were synthesized, and their mechanical and biological properties were explored. The unique secondary mercaptan with a long shelf life and low odor was used to reduce oxygen inhibition and increase cross-linking density; meanwhile, modified photocurable nano zirconia (nano ZrO 2 ) enhances mechanical properties of the nanocomposites and possesses preeminent dispersion in the matrix. The results show that minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of PUAQASs are 200 and 800 μg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. The addition of secondary thiols significantly increases the photopolymerization rate and monomer conversion. The highest hardness and modulus reach 1.8 and 8.7 GPa compared to 1.8 and 8.3 GPa for commercial resin. The lap shear stress on the pig bone is 912 MPa, and that on commercial resin is 921 MPa. Most importantly, the photochemically driven polymeric composite has excellent biocompatibility and significantly better antimicrobial properties than commonly used commercial resins.

Flexible Organic Photovoltaic‐Powered Hydrogel Bioelectronic Dressing With Biomimetic Electrical Stimulation for Healing Infected Diabetic Wounds

“…The rheological behavior and photocuring kinetics of the samples were examined using a rheometer (Discovery hybrid rheometer 2, USA) with an LED accessory emitting light at 365 nm. [ 74 ] The release of in vitro Ag + ions was quantified by immersing the hydrogel samples in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS, 20 µL µg −1 ) at 37 °C. At predetermined time points (1, 2, 6, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h), the supernatant was collected and the media were replenished with an equal volume of fresh PBS.…”

Emerging polymeric materials for treatment of oral diseases: design strategy towards a unique oral environment

“…171 Fu et al have harnessed quaternary ammonium salts to modify polyurethane acrylates to afford antimicrobial polymeric dental restorative materials. 172 Hoven et al prepared quaternized chitosan with anti-biofilm effectiveness comparable to that of chlorhexidine when combating the dental caries-causing pathogen S. mutans (Fig. 10b).…”

Naturally Occuring or Derived Photoinitiators for Medical Applications

“…Over time, there has been significant improvement in dental restoration materials, particularly in terms of diverse properties such as hardness, modulus, antimicrobial properties, and reduction of polymerization stress. [106,107] However, the concerns about aesthetic issues such as yellowing and discoloration attributed to amines within dental fillings in combination with camphorquinone (CQ) as prevalent photoinitiating systems [108] have led to a growing interest in developing amine-free photoinitiating systems. For instance, sulfinates and sulfonates were reported as effective coinitiators capable of reducing yellowing in dental restorative materials.…”