Photoclick Reaction Constructs Glutathione-Responsive Theranostic System for Anti-Tuberculosis

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a virulent form of an infectious disease that causes a global burden due to its high infectivity and fatality rate, especially the irrepressible threats of latent infection. Constructing an efficient strategy for the prevention and control of TB is of great significance. Fortunately, we found that granulomas are endowed with higher reducibility levels possibly caused by internal inflammation and a relatively enclosed microenvironment. Therefore, we developed the first targeted glutathione- (GSH-) responsive theranostic system (RIF@Cy5.5-HA-NG) for tuberculosis with a rifampicin- (RIF-) loaded near-infrared emission carrier, which was constructed by photoclick reaction-actuated hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction, enabling the early diagnosis of tuberculosis through granulomas-tracking. Furthermore, the loaded rifampicin was released through the dissociation of disulfide bond by the localized GSH in granulomas, realizing the targeted tuberculosis therapy and providing an especially accurate treatment mapping for tuberculosis. Thus, this targeted theranostic strategy for tuberculosis exhibits the potential to realize both granulomas-tracking and anti-infection of tuberculosis.

Apoptotic, cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from nettle leaf

“…Nanoparticles have received significant attention (Said et al, 2022; Wang et al, 2020; Wang, Li, et al, 2022) due to their diverse properties (Ghodake et al, 2018; Rahim et al, 2018) and applications (Almansob Bahkali, Albarrag, et al, 2022; Almansob, Bahkali, & Ameen, 2022; Subramaniyan et al, 2022), especially in the field of medicine (Ameen et al, 2019; Ameen, AlYahya, et al, 2020; Valarmathi et al, 2020). For this reason, it is also used as an antibacterial (Ameen, Abdullah, et al, 2020; Khan et al, 2020; Mythili, Selvankumar, Kamala‐Kannan, et al, 2018), antifungal (Ameen et al, 2018; Mostafa et al, 2020), anticancer (Mahawar et al, 2022; Megarajan et al, 2022; Mohanta et al, 2018), sensor/sensing (Chupradit et al, 2022; Jalil, Ashfaq, et al, 2021; Khaki et al, 2022), removal (Bhat et al, 2022; Hassan et al, 2022), treatment (Hamid et al, 2022; Hu et al, 2020), electrochemical (Babu et al, 2018; Rani et al, 2019; Rani et al, 2020), photocatalysts (Alaguprathana et al, 2022; Ameen, Dawoud, & AlNadhari, 2021; Selvam et al, 2022), water splitting (Rani et al, 2018), anti‐acne (Sathishkumar et al, 2016), supercapacitor (Saravanakumar et al, 2018), antioxidant (Ameen et al, 2022; Begum et al, 2022), anti‐tuberculosis (Zheng et al, 2022), antiplasmodial (Lai & Wong, 2021b) and antiviral agent (Kim et al, 2018; Sonbol, AlYahya, et al, 2021). It is also widely used in cosmetic (Ameen, Alsamhary, et al, 2021), electronic, determination (Kim et al, 2017), degradation (Rao, Wu, et al, 2018) and biomedical devices (Alshehrei et al, 2021; Chupradit, Ashfaq, et al, 2021; Gangalla et al, 2021).…”

Reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages as a unique approach to target tumor immunotherapy

“…A molecular switch is employed to inhibit both the "immunosuppressive program" and the "immune stimulating program" by inhibiting phosphatidylin-ositol-3-kinase (PI3K) (143,144). Loss of PI3K activity in TAM (145), can increase the development of MHC-II and pro-inflammatory mediators while decreasing the expression of IL-10 and arginase, two molecules that serve to inhibit the immune system.…”

“…Loss of PI3K activity in TAM ( 145 ), can increase the development of MHC-II and pro-inflammatory mediators while decreasing the expression of IL-10 and arginase, two molecules that serve to inhibit the immune system. Together, PI3K inhibitor (NVP-BEZ235) and immune checkpoint inhibitors displayed synergistic reduction of tumor growth ( 146 , 147 ). Inhibition of PI3K can reduce the immunosuppressive state by transforming macrophages, which in turn reduces tumor cell proliferation and metastasis in mice models of breast cancer and ductal adenocarcinoma ( 148 ).…”

Alzheimer’s Disease as a Major Public Health Concern: Role of Dietary Saponins in Mitigating Neurodegenerative Disorders and Their Underlying Mechanisms

“…Hederacolchiside-E, which is an oleanolic glycoside when given orally at 30 and 60 mg kg −1 doses, shows an increase in the step-through latency time as efficiently as tacrine given at a 30 mg kg −1 oral dose using the passive avoidance paradigm [ 96 ]. The total saponin content of Dipsacus asper has also been reported to offer protection against Aβ-induced neuronal toxicity [ 97 ]. In the cultured cortical neurons, ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates Aβ-induced toxicity in a dose-dependent manner [ 98 ].…”