Photoconductive optically driven deformable membrane for spatial light modulator applications utilizing GaAs substrates

Haji-saeed, Bahareh; Kolluru, R.; Pyburn, Dana; Leon, R.; Sengupta, Sandip; Testorf, Markus E.; Goodhue, W. D.; Khoury, Jed; Drehman, A. J.; Woods, Charles L.; Kierstead, John

doi:10.1364/ao.45.002615

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This implementation of deformable mirrors shows numerous advantages in terms of actuation spatial frequency, simplification of the driving technology, versatility of operation, and lightweight. At the state of the art, PCDMs have been realized using crystalline inorganic photoconductors such as gallium arsenide, bismuth silicon oxide and, more recently, zinc selenide . Inorganic crystals however, suffer from limited scalability and high cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully Organic Photocontrolled Deformable Mirror

Quintavalla

Baratto

Natali

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

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A light‐driven deformable mirror based on an organic photoconductive layer is designed and realized. The requirements for the photoconductive organic material are reported showing their effect on the mirror performances. The production and characterization of the photoconductive thick layer consisting in a polystyrene matrix doped with P3HT:PCBM and an arylamine (4,4′,4″‐tris[phenyl(m‐tolyl)amino]triphenylamine) are reported. A prototype of the mirror with a clear aperture of 12 mm is built and its performance measured in terms of reflective surface displacement. Moreover, a light valve device based on this mirror is built and characterized.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully Organic Photocontrolled Deformable Mirror

Quintavalla

Baratto

Natali

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…In our prior work, a MEMS based all optically driven deformable mirror was designed and fabricated 11 . In this work, an optical limiter using our optically addressed deformable mirror is A bias is applied between the metalized membrane and the transparent electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Illuminating the device from the back side, changes the photoconductivity across the substrate and consequently the voltage drop across the membrane and substrate, which leads to membrane deflection. The membrane deflects in a parabolic form and the deflection is proportional to the square of the applied field Several operating mechanisms of this device have been described before 11,12,13 . These include:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MEMS-based optical limiter

et al. 2008

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“…50 lm thick. Freestanding optical filters have numerous potential applications, including reflectors for flexible organic LEDs, [17] laminates or wraps for light recycling in displays, [16] membranes in optomechanical light modulators, [18] pellicle-type beam splitters and filters, and sails on spacecraft propelled by radiation pressure. [19] Key to these applications is the flexibility, toughness, and fracture resistance of polymers, even in micrometer-scale thin sheets.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust and Flexible Free‐Standing All‐Dielectric Omnidirectional Reflectors

et al. 2007

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The potential for a dielectric thin-film stack to provide omnidirectional reflection (near unity reflectance for all polarization states and incidence angles, over a finite range of wavelengths) was recognized only recently. [1][2][3] Nevertheless, such one-dimensional omnidirectional dielectric reflectors (ODRs) can provide some of the functionality promised by three-dimensional photonic crystals, while being comparatively simple to fabricate. They have been applied to the construction of low-loss hollow-core fibers [4] and integrated waveguides, [5,6] and to increase the emissivity of light-emitting diodes (LEDs).[7]An ODR is predicated on a pair of compatible dielectric materials that have transparency in the wavelength range of interest and sufficiently different refractive indices. For example, if the lower index material has a refractive index of n ∼ 1.5, an omnidirectional stop band can arise when the higher index material has n ∼ 2.3 or greater. It is an experimental challenge to identify material combinations that satisfy the refractive-index requirement, while also enabling practical implementation of a thermomechanically robust, stable, and uniform multilayer stack. Typical ODRs reported to date [1,2,[8][9][10] have employed a glass or semiconductor substrate as a base. However, ODR-based fibers have also been developed [11,12] and the fabrication of substrateless planar ODR mirrors (for the mid-IR) was reported anecdotally. [13] Of related interest, freestanding polymer-based optical filters were conceived several decades ago.[14] Moreover, efficient wide-angle mirrors based on highly birefringent polymers [15] are commercially available [16] in sheets ca. 50 lm thick. Freestanding optical filters have numerous potential applications, including reflectors for flexible organic LEDs, [17] laminates or wraps for light recycling in displays, [16] membranes in optomechanical light modulators, [18] pellicle-type beam splitters and filters, and sails on spacecraft propelled by radiation pressure. [19] Key to these applications is the flexibility, toughness, and fracture resistance of polymers, even in micrometer-scale thin sheets. These same properties motivate research and development of flexible electronic [20] and photonic [21,22] circuitry, using organic and sufficiently thin inorganic films.In this Communication, we describe a straightforward process for fabricating compliant but mechanically tough freestanding mirrors using commercially available chalcogenide glass and polymer materials. High-refractive-index contrast (Dn ∼ 1) between the materials enables near-unity, omnidirectional reflection from membranes less than 3 lm thick. The reflectors were successfully laminated (using surface-tension forces) on various flat and curved surfaces. Even after handling, bending, and re-lamination, the optical response of the reflectors was in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. Optical filter response can be customized by manually stacking pieces of the mirror, and optomechanical tuning by stretchi...

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Photoconductive optically driven deformable membrane for spatial light modulator applications utilizing GaAs substrates

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Fully Organic Photocontrolled Deformable Mirror

Fully Organic Photocontrolled Deformable Mirror

MEMS-based optical limiter

Robust and Flexible Free‐Standing All‐Dielectric Omnidirectional Reflectors

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