Biosensors are of
vital significance for healthcare by supporting
the management of infectious diseases for preventing pandemics and
the diagnosis of life-threatening conditions such as cancer. However,
the advancement of the field can be limited by low sensing accuracy.
Here, we altered the bioelectrical signatures of the cells using carbon
nanotubes (CNTs) via structural loosening effects. Using an alternating
current (AC) pulse under light irradiation, we developed a photo-assisted
AC pulse sensor based on CNTs to differentiate between healthy breast
epithelial cells (MCF-10A) and luminal breast cancer cells (MCF-7)
within a heterogeneous cell population. We observed a previously undemonstrated
increase in current contrast for MCF-7 cells with CNTs compared to
MCF-10A cells with CNTs under light exposure. Moreover, we obtained
a detection limit of ∼1.5 × 10
3
cells below
a baseline of ∼1 × 10
4
cells for existing electrical-based
sensors for an adherent, heterogeneous cell population. All-atom molecular
dynamics (MD) simulations reveal that interactions between the embedded
CNT and cancer cell membranes result in a less rigid lipid bilayer
structure, which can facilitate CNT translocation for enhancing current.
This as-yet unconsidered cancer cell-specific method based on the
unique optoelectrical properties of CNTs represents a strategy for
unlocking the detection of a small population of cancer cells and
provides a promising route for the early diagnosis, monitoring, and
staging of cancer.