This study facilitates the synthesis of a graphitic carbon
nitride/cesium
tungsten oxide (g-C3N4@Cs0.33WO3) heterojunction using a solvothermal method. The photocatalytic
activities of the prepared samples were examined for the photodegradation
of colorless antibiotics, namely tetracycline, enrofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin,
as well as cationic and anionic dyes, such as methyl orange, rhodamine
B, neutral red, and methylene blue, under full-spectrum solar light.
We have purposely selected different kinds of wastewater pollutants
of colorless antibiotics and cationic and anionic organic dyes to
investigate the potential application of this heterojunction toward
different groups of water pollutants. The results revealed that the
g-C3N4@Cs0.33WO3 heterojunction
showed an outstanding photocatalytic activity toward all the pollutants
with concentrations of 20 ppm each at pH 3 by photocatalytically removing
97% of tetracycline within 3 h, 98% of enrofloxacin within 2 h, 97%
of ciprofloxacin within 2.25 h, 98% of methylene blue in 1 h, 99%
of rhodamine B within 2 h, 99% of neutral red in 1.25 h, and 95% of
methyl orange in 2 h. These findings indicate that the developed photocatalyst
possesses excellent photocatalytic properties toward seven different
water pollutants that make it a universal photocatalyst. The developed
g-C3N4@Cs0.33WO3 oxide
heterojunction also presented a photocatalytic performance better
than those of reported solar light active photocatalysts for photodegradation
of rhodamine B and tetracycline. The efficient photocatalytic performance
of the heterojunction can be ascribed to its extended light-absorbing
ability, effective charge separation and fast charge transfer properties,
and a high surface area. Moreover, an active species detection experiment
also confirmed that superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and holes
played significant roles in the photocatalysis of the organic dyes
and tetracycline.