Photodegradation studies on chloroquine phosphate by high-performance liquid chromatography

Karim, Elfatih I.A.; Ibrahim, Kamal E.; Abdelrahman, Amal N.; Fell, Anthony F.

doi:10.1016/0731-7085(93)e0026-j

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Because our shockbuffer contained 1 mM NaCl and 10 mM sodium phosphate versus 10 mM NaCl in the procedure of Romantsov et al (2007), ionic strength cannot explain the discrepancy. Because chloroquine has also been reported to become degraded by UV irradiation (Karim et al, 1994), experiments using DAPI-stained nucleoids were repeated with TOTO-1 staining, but failed to show volume changes, except at the highest concentration (500 lM; Table 3, row 7).…”

Section: Treatment Of Nucleoids With Chloroquine and Etbrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Escherichia coli nucleoids released by osmotic shock

Wegner

Alexeeva

Odijk

et al. 2012

Journal of Structural Biology

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Section: Treatment Of Nucleoids With Chloroquine and Etbrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Escherichia coli nucleoids released by osmotic shock

Wegner

Alexeeva

Odijk

et al. 2012

Journal of Structural Biology

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“…Few are the studies reported in literature about the degradation and fate of CLQ in water ( Ahmad et al., 2016 ; Coelho et al., 2017 ; Doddaga; Peddakonda, 2013 ; Karim et al., 1994 ; Nord et al., 1991 ). Mostly, the studies cited in literature have been focused on the photochemical stability of HCQ in water and none of them investigated its removal from water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient degradation of chloroquine drug by electro-Fenton oxidation: Effects of operating conditions and degradation mechanism

2020

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In this work, the degradation of chloroquine (CLQ), an antiviral and antimalarial drug, using electro-Fenton oxidation was investigated. Due to the importance of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) generation during electro-Fenton oxidation, effects of pH, current density, molecular oxygen (O 2 ) flow rate, and anode material on H 2 O 2 generation were evaluated. H 2 O 2 generation was enhanced by increasing the current density up to 60 mA/cm 2 and the O 2 flow rate up to 80 mL/min at pH 3.0 and using carbon felt cathode and boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode. Electro-Fenton-BDD oxidation achieved the total CLQ depletion and 92% total organic carbon (TOC) removal. Electro-Fenton-BDD oxidation was more effective than electro-Fenton-Pt and anodic oxidation using Pt and BDD anodes. The efficiency of CLQ depletion by electro-Fenton-BDD oxidation raises by increasing the current density and Fe 2+ dose; however it drops with the increase of pH and CLQ concentration. CLQ depletion follows a pseudo-first order kinetics in all the experiments. The identification of CLQ degradation intermediates by chromatography methods confirms the formation of 7-chloro-4-quinolinamine, oxamic, and oxalic acids. Quantitative amounts of chlorides, nitrates, and ammonium ions are released during electro-Fenton oxidation of CLQ. The high efficiency of electro-Fenton oxidation derives from the generation of hydroxyl radicals from the catalytic decomposition of H 2 O 2 by Fe 2+ in solution, and the electrogeneration of hydroxyl and sulfates radicals and other strong oxidants (persulfates) from the oxidation of the electrolyte at the surface BDD anode. Electro-Fenton oxidation has the potential to be an alternative method for treating wastewaters contaminated with CLQ and its derivatives.

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