Photodynamic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with Ru(II)-based type I/type II photosensitizers

Photodynamic Therapy: Current Status and Future Directions

“…It was clinically approved more than a quarter of a century ago for the treatment of a small number of selected tumors [1] and has expanded tremendously to include areas of application as diverse as cardiology [2,3], urology [4], immunology [5], ophthalmology [6,7], dentistry [8,9], dermatology [10,11] and cosmetics [12,13]. Antimicrobial/antiviral PDT has been successfully used for the treatment of viral infections [14,15], against antibiotic-resistant bacterial [16,17] and fungal strains [18,19,20], for the inactivation of pathogens in blood products [21], for water sterilization [22,23] and for disinfection and sanitation of surfaces [24,25]. The photodynamic process is successfully used for drug delivery and the release of endocytosed macromolecules in the cytosol [26,27].…”

Strategies to optimize photosensitizers for photodynamic inactivation of bacteria

“…Typically a timespan of minutes is necessary that bacteria can react towards stress from the environment [21]. So far photodynamic killing of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains is feasible using the same parameters (concentration of PS, incubation time and light dose) as compared to the antibiotic sensitive strain of the same bacteria specie [22,23]. However Grinholc and colleagues demonstrated a strain-dependent inactivation efficacy of aPDI treated MSSA (methicillin-sensitive) or MRSA strains [24,25].…”

Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of intracranial gliomas: A review of current practice and considerations for future clinical directions

“…16 PDT is based on using light activated drugs or their pro-drugs, called photosensitizers, and red or NIR light in the 630 to > 800 nm range. 17 Light is delivered intraoperatively either as cavity surface irradiation, at an irradiance of up to 400 mW cm À2 or via interstitial di®users at a power of less than 200 mW cm À1 per di®user length, with no signi¯cant thermal e®ects reported. The total delivered energy density at the tissue surface, termed radiant exposure, H, ranges clinically from 40 to 230 J cm À2 so it is often not accessible from publication, see Table 1.…”