Photodynamic Therapy in Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus

Abstract

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common chronic immunologic mucocutaneous disorder. Although there are many presenting treatments, some of them proved its failure. Recently, the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been expanding due to its numerous advantages, as it is safe, convenient, and non-invasive and has toxic effect towards selective tissues. This article provides comprehensive review on OLP, its etiology, clinical features and recent non-pharmacological treatments. We also describe the topical PDT and its mechanisms. Our purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of PDT in treatment of OLP through collecting the data of the related clinical studies. We searched in PubMed website for the clinical studies that were reported from 2000 to 2014 using specific keywords: “photodynamic therapy” and “treatment of oral lichen planus”. Inclusion criteria were English publications only were concerned. In the selected studies of photodynamic treatment, adult patients (more than 20 years) were conducted and the OLP lesions were clinically and histologically confirmed. Exclusion criteria were classical and pharmacological treatments of OLP were excluded and also the using of PDT on skin lesions of lichen planus. We established five clinical studies in this review where all of them reported improvement and effectiveness of PDT in treatment of OLP lesions. The main outcome of comparing the related clinical studies is that the photodynamic is considered as a safe, effective and promising treatment modality for OLP.

A Conservative Approach for Localized Spongiotic Gingivitis Hyperplasia Using Photodynamic Therapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

“…On the other hand, PDT is safe, painless, noninvasive, inexpensive, and can be used without clinical contraindication. [18][19][20] In our literature review, 221 previous reported cases of LJSGH were found with no clear gender preponderance (Table 1). [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] This number may be an overestimation or an underestimation, as the disease is recently described and the diagnostic criteria has not been well established in some reports.…”

Epstein–Barr virus and its association with rheumatoid arthritis and oral lichen planus

“…The primary goal is to reduce the pain associated with OLP lesions. At present, the following therapies have been evaluated for treating symptomatic OLP cases: Topical corticosteroids includes clobetasol, betamethasone, dexamethasone and triamcinolone; topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs) such as tacrolimus, pimecrolimus; retinoid such as tretinoin; photochemotherapy, photodynamic therapy[ 17 ] and traditional medicines (aloe vera gels and curcuminoids). In EBV-associated OLP lesions, treatment regimen should be modified by supplementing mainly with antioxidants and immunomodulatory drugs which could help overcome immunosuppression.…”

Photodynamic Therapy with Phthalomethyl D: Perspectives against SARS-CoV-2

“…PDT involves the administration of a photosensitizer or phototherapeutic agent to a diseased tissue of interest, followed by the photoactivation of that agent by a coherent laser light source or light-emitting diode at a specific wavelength [5]. When a photochemical cell reaction occurs, it is used to selectively destroy the target tissue [6] [7] [8]. Phthalocyanines (Pcs), porphyrin analogues, are the second generation of photosensitive substances that have been used in the treatment of skin diseases, such as basal cell carcinoma, psoriasis and actinic keratosis, and bacterial and viral manifestations, often showing positive results in reducing injury with minimal or no toxicity [9] [10] [11].…”