Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): PDT Mechanisms

Allison, Ron R.; Moghissi, K.

doi:10.5946/ce.2013.46.1.24

Cited by 563 publications

(366 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…138 However, most of the organic photosensitizers are only activated by UV and visible lights, which have poor tissue penetration and therefore are limited to the treatment of surface tumors. 139 In addition, organic photosensitizers possess low molar extinction coefficients and therefore can undergo photobleaching and enzymatic degradation.…”

Section: Photodynamic Therapy (Pdt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold nanoparticles enlighten the future of cancer theranostics

Guo¹,

Rahme²,

Yan³

et al. 2017

IJN

223

120

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Development of multifunctional nanomaterials, one of the most interesting and advanced research areas in the field of nanotechnology, is anticipated to revolutionize cancer diagnosis and treatment. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are now being widely utilized in bioimaging and phototherapy due to their tunable and highly sensitive optical and electronic properties (the surface plasmon resonance). As a new concept, termed “theranostics,” multifunctional AuNPs may contain diagnostic and therapeutic functions that can be integrated into one system, thereby simultaneously facilitating diagnosis and therapy and monitoring therapeutic responses. In this review, the important properties of AuNPs relevant to diagnostic and phototherapeutic applications such as structure, shape, optics, and surface chemistry are described. Barriers for translational development of theranostic AuNPs and recent advances in the application of AuNPs for cancer diagnosis, photothermal, and photodynamic therapy are discussed

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Section: Photodynamic Therapy (Pdt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold nanoparticles enlighten the future of cancer theranostics

Guo¹,

Rahme²,

Yan³

et al. 2017

IJN

223

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Singlet oxygen diffusion is usually limited to within the cell due to its short half-life (Skovsen et al 2005), so upon photoactivation only those cells that accumulated PS are killed, with minimal collateral damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. PDT also usually spares the surrounding connective tissue, which is very important when the tumour is in a delicate region and the organ structure must be preserved (Allison and Moghissi 2013b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porphyrin-based cationic amphiphilic photosensitisers as potential anticancer, antimicrobial and immunosuppressive agents

2017

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combines a photosensitiser, light and molecular oxygen to induce oxidative stress that can be used to kill pathogens, cancer cells and other highly proliferative cells. There is a growing number of clinically approved photosensitisers and applications of PDT, whose main advantages include the possibility of selective targeting, localised action and stimulation of the immune responses. Further improvements and broader use of PDT could be accomplished by designing new photosensitisers with increased selectivity and bioavailability. Porphyrin-based photosensitisers with amphiphilic properties, bearing one or more positive charges, are an effective tool in PDT against cancers, microbial infections and, most recently, autoimmune skin disorders. The aim of the review is to present some of the recent examples of the applications and research that employ this specific group of photosensitisers. Furthermore, we will highlight the link between their structural characteristics and PDT efficiency, which will be helpful as guidelines for rational design and evaluation of new PSs.

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“…PDT has many advantages such as less pain, higher repeatability, and improved efficiency against drug-resistant fungi. PDT requires a photosensitizer that is selectively activated by an appropriate wavelength of light to create a photodynamic reaction [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungicidal effect of combined nano TiO2 with erythrosine for mediated photodynamic therapy on Candida albicans: an in vitro study

et al. 2017

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Background and objective Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause oral candidiasis. Antifungal drugs have been used for treatment, but resistance to these drugs has emerged in recent years. Photodynamic therapy is one of the alternative treatments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the killing of C. albicans biofilms in photodynamic therapy in vitro by erythrosine (Ery) gel on its own or in combination with nano-titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) stimulated by blue light (BL). Methods Four test groups were studied, namely, Ery gel at 220 and 440 μM, in the presence or absence of 1% TiO 2 + BL, and the control group. After C. albicans biofilms were prepared, a photosensitizer was applied to them for 15 min. Test groups were then activated by BL with 15 J/cm 2 energy for 1 min, and the number of CFU/mL in log 10 was compared between the test and control groups. In addition, the generation of reactive oxygen species by the effective photosensitizer was tested by electron spin resonance spectrometer (ESR) using 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone and 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide. Results C. albicans survival rates were different with statistical significance across all groups by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.001). The group of 440 μM Ery gel + 1% TiO 2 + BL showed the highest efficacy (p = 0.05). Results of ESR showed that all Ery gel + BL groups generated significantly more singlet oxygen compared with control groups. None of the groups, however, generated detectable levels of hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion. Conclusion Erythrosine with blue light is an effective photosensitizer that can kill C. albicans, and nano-titanium dioxide acts as a catalyst that enhances the effect of erythrosine.

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Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): PDT Mechanisms

Cited by 563 publications

References 34 publications

Gold nanoparticles enlighten the future of cancer theranostics

Gold nanoparticles enlighten the future of cancer theranostics

Porphyrin-based cationic amphiphilic photosensitisers as potential anticancer, antimicrobial and immunosuppressive agents

Fungicidal effect of combined nano TiO2 with erythrosine for mediated photodynamic therapy on Candida albicans: an in vitro study

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