Photodynamic Therapy: The Imminent Milieu For Treating Oral Lesions

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used in curative and palliative treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HN-SCC) and other oral lesions. Oral infections (such as mucosal and endodontic infections, periodontal diseases, caries, and peri-implantitis) are among the specific targets where PDT can be applied Photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy depends on the local dose deposited in the lesion as well as oxygen availability in the lesion. Further long-term clinical studies are necessary in establishing a more specific place of the technique in the field of dentistry.Neeta MohaNty, MD JalaluDDiN, SreeKaNth KotiNa, SaMapiKa routray, yaShWaNt iNgale InTRoduCTIonPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a relatively new method for treating superficial tumours of the skin and the mucosa. Prof. Hermann von Tappeiner was the person to coin the term "photodynamic", to describe oxygen-consuming chemical reactions in vivo [1]. Currently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality which involves the administration of a photosensitizing compound and the accumulation of sensitizer molecules in the target cells, followed by a selective irradiation of the lesion with visible light. Drug and light are individually non-toxic and in combination, they destroy tissues. In recent times, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, The Netherlands and U.S. have approved PDT for treating select malignancies which are intraoperative and for intracavitary use. It is also used as an investigational treatment in diseases likes psoriasis vulgaris, warts, diseases of the epidermal appendages, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and bacterial infections. EvoluTIon of PdT

Effect of photodynamic therapy in the reduction of halitosis in patients with multiple sclerosis: clinical trial

“…A photosensitizing (PS) substance binds to cells and is activated by light of a suitable wavelength. Free radicals of oxygen are formed, leading to necrosis or apoptosis of these cells [18][19][20]. aPDT represents an alternative to conventional antibacterial treatments because it neither causes any resistance to the development of microbes, nor is it affected by existing drug resistance status [17].…”

Developing a far-red fluorogenic beta-galactosidase probe for senescent cell imaging and photoablation

“…The total light dose of 54 J cm −2 was within the recommended therapeutic light dose (50–200 J cm −2 ). 29 Gal-MB alone group showed no dark toxicity in both cells, up to 30 μM ( Fig. 3A ).…”

Intratumoral Photodynamic Therapy With Newly Synthesized Pheophorbide a in Murine Oral Cancer

“…PDT plays a role in the primary treatment of superficial tumors and is an important treatment option for patients who present with recurrent carcinomas or secondary tumors in oral lesions 15 . Although PDT takes advantage of the relative retention of a photosensitizer by cancer cells, effective delivery of a photosensitizer is of great concern.…”

“…The response to PDT may vary not only with the cell type or its metabolic potential but also with total fluence delivered, different types of photosensitizers, and their intracellular localization 14 . A photosensitizer is one of the principal components for an effective photodynamic process and typically administered to the patient by intravenous (IV) injection 15 . The photosensitizing drug is especially absorbed by the cancer cells while sparing much of the nearby healthy cells, and the treatment area is exposed to a spectrum of light, which activates the drug to destroy cancer cells.…”