Photodynamic therapy versus ultrasonic irrigation: Interaction with endodontic microbial biofilm, an ex vivo study

Antimicrobial efficacy of photodynamic therapy, Nd:YAG laser and QMiX solution against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm

“…The aPDT caused 98.8% reduction in the number of E. faecalis CFUs. In the study of Muhammad et al [26], the aPDT (60 mW, 120 s) could not disrupt endodontic arteficial multispecies 3-5 days old microbial biofilm. Also found in this study was the abundant presence of E. faecalis and some chains of Streptococcus salivarius.…”

The efficacy of photodynamic therapy and sodium hypochlorite in root canal disinfection by a single-file instrumentation technique

“…This could be related to non-viable microbial cells already present in the root canal before treatment, making them undetectable with conventional Page 15 of 28 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 15 culture methods. Biomolecular techniques as realtime PCR or FISH (rRNA 16s) methods could be used to determine what species are persistent, since this methods are more sensitive to detect microorganisms [36].…”

Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for root canals infected with Enterococcus faecalis

“…were excluded because they did not satisfy the inclusion criteria for this article, namely, eight had no comparison group with NaOCl (10,(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19), four used no human teeth (20)(21)(22)(23), and one used a biofilm created with four types of different bacteria (24). Thus, 13 articles were eligible for quality assessment: one high-quality article and 12 moderate-quality articles.…”