“…All diffraction lines were broad indicating the formation of small crystallites. The diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values of35.42º, 38.70º, 48.78º, 58.24º, 61.52º, 65.94º, 68.10º, 72.14º and 74.96º can be indexed to the monoclinic structure of CuO tenorite phase [space group Cc (9); a = 4.693 Å, b = 3.428 Å, c = 5.137 Å, β = 99.55°;ICSD 80- 1916] which is in good agreement with the reported literature(Vidyasagar et al 2012;Kim et al 2015;Kim et al 2016;Mahmood et al 2017). It is to note that an additional and intense peak at 54.78º was observed.…”
supporting
confidence: 86%
“…In most of the studies in the literature (Mahmood et al 2017;Oh et al 2018) CuO films generated cathodic photocurrent under irradiation indicating its p-type conductivity. However, in this study, the I-V curves of CuO films unexpectedly generated anodic photocurrent.…”
Section: Accepted Manuscript 21mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T (Mahmood et al 2017). The data appearing in the high frequency range are classically related to charge transfer resistance (Rct) caused by Faradaic reactions occurring between active materials and the liquid electrolyte (Zhang et al 2018), which suggest that charge transfer resistance controls the kinetics of the redox reactions occurring at the electrode-electrolyte interface.…”
Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…the current-potential responses of CuO/Si and bare Si electrodes in the dark and under illumination. As previously described, the photocurrent is associated with the photogenerated electrons moving to the back contact while the photoinduced holes are captured by the hole acceptor in the electrolyte(Mahmood et al 2017).…”
CuO nanostructured thin films supported on silicon with 6.5 cm 2 area (geometric area greater than the studies reported in the literature) were synthesized by a chemical bath deposition technique. The electrodes were characterized by MEV, XRD, XPS, contact angle, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses. To evaluate the photoelectrochemical properties of the CuO films, photocurrent-voltage measurements were performed using linear voltammetry. The catalytic activities of CuO nanostructures were evaluated by monitoring photodegradation of Mitoxantrone (MTX) under UV-A light irradiation. The method of photoelectrocatalysis (PEC), applying a voltage of 1.5 V and assisted by adding H 2 O 2 , was undertaken. To the best of our knowledge, no studies on the degradation of anticancer agents using PEC process have been found in the literature. For comparison purposes, experiments were performed under the same conditions by assisted photocatalysis (PC) with H 2 O 2 and direct photolysis. CuO deposits consists of a needle-like morphology. The presence of CuO in the tenorite phase was evidenced by XRD and the XPS spectra showed the presence of copper(II) oxide. The increase in current under illumination shows that CuO exhibits photoactivity. The PEC system showed a 75% level of MTX degradation, while the level achieved using PC was 50%. Under UV-A light alone only 3% removal was obtained after 180 min. Up to 10 by-products were identified by chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with m/z values ranging between 521 and 285 and a plausible degradation route has been proposed. It is worth mentioning that 9 by-products identified in this work, were not found in the literature in other studies of degradation or products generated as metabolites. The toxicity tests of MTX before and after PEC treatment with
“…All diffraction lines were broad indicating the formation of small crystallites. The diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values of35.42º, 38.70º, 48.78º, 58.24º, 61.52º, 65.94º, 68.10º, 72.14º and 74.96º can be indexed to the monoclinic structure of CuO tenorite phase [space group Cc (9); a = 4.693 Å, b = 3.428 Å, c = 5.137 Å, β = 99.55°;ICSD 80- 1916] which is in good agreement with the reported literature(Vidyasagar et al 2012;Kim et al 2015;Kim et al 2016;Mahmood et al 2017). It is to note that an additional and intense peak at 54.78º was observed.…”
supporting
confidence: 86%
“…In most of the studies in the literature (Mahmood et al 2017;Oh et al 2018) CuO films generated cathodic photocurrent under irradiation indicating its p-type conductivity. However, in this study, the I-V curves of CuO films unexpectedly generated anodic photocurrent.…”
Section: Accepted Manuscript 21mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T (Mahmood et al 2017). The data appearing in the high frequency range are classically related to charge transfer resistance (Rct) caused by Faradaic reactions occurring between active materials and the liquid electrolyte (Zhang et al 2018), which suggest that charge transfer resistance controls the kinetics of the redox reactions occurring at the electrode-electrolyte interface.…”
Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…the current-potential responses of CuO/Si and bare Si electrodes in the dark and under illumination. As previously described, the photocurrent is associated with the photogenerated electrons moving to the back contact while the photoinduced holes are captured by the hole acceptor in the electrolyte(Mahmood et al 2017).…”
CuO nanostructured thin films supported on silicon with 6.5 cm 2 area (geometric area greater than the studies reported in the literature) were synthesized by a chemical bath deposition technique. The electrodes were characterized by MEV, XRD, XPS, contact angle, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses. To evaluate the photoelectrochemical properties of the CuO films, photocurrent-voltage measurements were performed using linear voltammetry. The catalytic activities of CuO nanostructures were evaluated by monitoring photodegradation of Mitoxantrone (MTX) under UV-A light irradiation. The method of photoelectrocatalysis (PEC), applying a voltage of 1.5 V and assisted by adding H 2 O 2 , was undertaken. To the best of our knowledge, no studies on the degradation of anticancer agents using PEC process have been found in the literature. For comparison purposes, experiments were performed under the same conditions by assisted photocatalysis (PC) with H 2 O 2 and direct photolysis. CuO deposits consists of a needle-like morphology. The presence of CuO in the tenorite phase was evidenced by XRD and the XPS spectra showed the presence of copper(II) oxide. The increase in current under illumination shows that CuO exhibits photoactivity. The PEC system showed a 75% level of MTX degradation, while the level achieved using PC was 50%. Under UV-A light alone only 3% removal was obtained after 180 min. Up to 10 by-products were identified by chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with m/z values ranging between 521 and 285 and a plausible degradation route has been proposed. It is worth mentioning that 9 by-products identified in this work, were not found in the literature in other studies of degradation or products generated as metabolites. The toxicity tests of MTX before and after PEC treatment with
“…Compared with figure 2 d , f , the particle size of BiVO 4 is almost 100 nm. This phenomenon is different from the conventional electrodeposition procedure in which the particle size usually increases with electrodeposition time [27]. Figure 2.SEM images of photoelectrodes prepared with different electrodeposition times: ( a ) surface image of electrode with 10 s electrodeposition time; inset picture is the cross-section morphology prepared by mechanical fracturing; ( b ) surface image of electrode with 30 s electrodeposition time; ( c ) surface image of electrode with 100 s electrodeposition time; ( d ) surface image of electrode with 500 s electrodeposition time; ( e ) surface image of electrode with 1000 s electrodeposition time; ( f ) cross-section of sample ( e ) with mechanical fracturing.…”
A nanoporous BiVO4/TiO2/Ti film was successfully fabricated by electrodepositing a nanoporous BiOI film on nanoporous TiO2 arrays followed by annealing at 450°C for 2 h. The electrodeposition of BiOI film was carried out at different times (10, 30, 100, 500 and 1000 s) in Bi(NO3)3 and KI solution. The morphological, crystallographic and photoelectrochemical properties of the prepared BiVO4/TiO2/Ti heterojunction film were examined by using different characterization techniques. UV–vis spectrum absorption studies confirmed an increase in absorption intensities with increasing electrodeposition time, and the band gap of BiVO4/TiO2/Ti film is lower than that of TiO2/Ti. The photocatalytic efficiency of BiVO4/TiO2/Ti heterojunction film was higher compared to that of the TiO2/Ti film owing to the longer transient decay time for BiVO4/TiO2/Ti film (3.2 s) than that of TiO2/Ti film (0.95 s) in our experiment. The BiVO4/TiO2/Ti heterojunction film prepared by electrodeposition for 1000 s followed by annealing showed a high photocurrent density of 0.3363 mA cm−2 at 0.6 V versus saturated calomel electrode. Furthermore, the lowest charge transfer resistance from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was recorded for the BiVO4/TiO2/Ti film (1000 s) under irradiation.
The cost‐effective, robust, and efficient electrocatalysts for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water‐splitting has been extensively studied over the past decade to address a solution for the energy crisis. The interesting physicochemical properties of CuO have introduced this promising photocathodic material among the few photocatalysts with a narrow bandgap. This photocatalyst has a high activity for the PEC hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under simulated sunlight irradiation. Here, the recent advancements of CuO‐based photoelectrodes, including undoped CuO, doped CuO, and CuO composites, in the PEC water‐splitting field, are comprehensively studied. Moreover, the synthesis methods, characterization, and fundamental factors of each classification are discussed in detail. Apart from the exclusive characteristics of CuO‐based photoelectrodes, the PEC properties of CuO/2D materials, as groups of the growing nanocomposites in photocurrent‐generating devices, are discussed in separate sections. Regarding the particular attention paid to the CuO heterostructure photocathodes, the PEC water splitting application is reviewed and the properties of each group such as electronic structures, defects, bandgap, and hierarchical structures are critically assessed.
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