Photoelectrochemical properties and photocatalytic activity of nitrogen-doped nanoporous WO3 photoelectrodes under visible light

Improving O2 production of WO3 photoanodes with IrO2 in acidic aqueous electrolyte

“…However, N substitution of O atoms in the lattice has been demonstrated to reduce the band gap to as low as 1.9 eV by the addition of N 2p states above the WO 3 valence band, although significant work still remains to achieve a corresponding improvement in stable photocurrent. [26][27][28][29] Unlike most metal oxides, WO 3 is thermodynamically stable in acidic electrolyte (pH o 4). At higher pH, OH À ions induce chemical dissolution by the reaction WO 3 (s) + OH À -WO 4 2À + H + .…”

NH4-doped anodic WO3 prepared through anodization and subsequent NH4OH treatment for water splitting

“…However, only a small portion of the solar spectrum is absorbed by WO 3 because of its large indirect band-gap energy (2.5-3.0 eV) [12][13][14][15].…”

“…Although nitrogen doping is an effective method of reducing the bandgap of WO 3 , the effects of N-doping on the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of WO 3 films have been controversial [14,15,22].…”

“…Sol-gel [16], hydrothermal [17], solvothermal [18], anodization [13,14,19,20], sputtering [15,21], and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [22] have been reported as methods for preparing wellcontrolled nanostructured WO 3 .…”

Enhanced photochemical performance of hexagonal WO3 by metal-assisted S–O coupling for solar-driven water splitting

“…In addition, the incorporation of Mo into WO 3 lattice can also result in a decreased band gap energy and remarkably improve the photocatalytic efficiency, compared with the undoped WO 3 [18]. Also, other monodoped WO 3 such as N-, C-, Sn-WO 3 were reported to have high photocatalytic property [19][20][21]. On the other side, density functional theory (DFT) has been used to study the mechanism of enhanced visible light photocatalysis performance and design new WO 3 -based photocatalysts.…”