“…Valproate is widely recognized as the most effective treatment for photosensitive epilepsies (Covanis et al, 2004; Koepp et al, 2016), though ethosuximide, benzodiazepines, lamotrigine, and more recently levetiracetam have also proven effective in eliminating the photoparoxysmal response on EEG and stopping seizures (Striano et al, 2008). In contrast to other photosensitive seizures, self-induced seizures are extremely refractory to treatment (Andermann et al, 1962; Covanis et al, 2004; Hutchison et al, 1958; Ng, 2002), even when patients are compliant with medication. Covanis et al (2004) note that while 75% of patients with Jeavons Syndrome respond to valproate monotherapy, only 40% of patients with self-induced seizures respond to this treatment.…”