Photographic Investigation of the Projection of Droplets by Bubbles Bursting at a Water Surface

Kientzler, C. F.; Arons, A. B.; Blanchard, Duncan C.; Woodcock, A. H.

doi:10.3402/tellusa.v6i1.8717

Cited by 105 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The large difference in r i between the droplets generated in regions I and II is likely associated with the mechanisms by which the droplets are generated. From the LIF movies, it appears that the small bubble popping later in the process (region II) looks at least similar to popping events found in experiments with single small bubbles in quiescent tanks of water (see, e.g., Cipriano & Blanchard, 1981;Kientzler et al, 1954;Gañán Calvo, 2017;Deike et al, 2018;Brasz et al, 2018;Spiel, 1995;1998;Resch, 1986;Resch & Afeti, 1991) though the large number of bubbles and the decaying underlying turbulent flow seem to complicate the process. However, the larger bubbles from the first plunging event that burst in region I appear to be quite different.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Spray Generation by a Plunging Breaker

Erinin

Wang

Liu

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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An experimental investigation of droplet generation by a plunging breaking wave is presented. In this work, simultaneous measurements of the wave crest profile evolution and of droplets ranging in radius down to 50 μm for a mechanically generated plunging breaker during many repeated breaking events in freshwater are performed. We find three distinct time zones of droplet production, first when the jet impacts the free surface upstream of the wave crest, second when the large air bubbles entrapped by the plunging jet impact reach the free surface and burst, and third when smaller bubbles burst upon reaching the free surface later in the breaking process. These subprocesses account for 22%, 44%, and 34%, respectively, of the average of 653 droplets produced per breaking event. The probability distributions of the ranges of large and small droplet radii are well represented by power law functions that intersect at a radius of 418 μm.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Spray Generation by a Plunging Breaker

Erinin

Wang

Liu

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…For the dry particle diameter, this translates to 2.5% (C.F. Kientzler et al, 1954;Wang et al, 2017). Figure 13.…”

Section: Micron Particle Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosolization of Crude Oil‐Dispersant Slicks Due to Bubble Bursting

et al. 2019

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Bubble bursting is a primary source of marine aerosols, yet little is known about particle emissions due to the bubble bursting in slicks containing oil‐dispersant mixtures. In this study, bubbles with mode sizes of 86 μm (denoted as small), 178 μm (medium), and 595 μm (large) are injected into a seawater column covered by slicks of crude oil, pure dispersant, and dispersant premixed with oil at a ratio of 1:25. The aerosol size distributions are monitored in the 0.5‐ to 20‐μm and 10‐ to 380‐nm ranges both in clean and ambient air environments. In ambient air, a tenfold increase in submicron particle concentration occurs when large bubbles burst on slicks of 500‐μm dispersant premixed with oil at a ratio of 1:25 oil or 50‐μm pure dispersant. Yet, in multiple tests performed at different ambient particle concentrations, the elevated size distributions persistently maintain the same shape as that of the ambient air. In contrast, smaller bubbles and tests not involving dispersants do not cause such an increase. Nanodroplets are also generated by large bubbles in particle‐free air, but their concentrations are much lower. All plumes generate micron‐sized aerosols, but trends vary. For the same contaminant, the microdroplet concentration decreases with increasing slick thickness. Particularly striking is a reduction of 2 orders of magnitude in the microdroplet concentration when medium and small bubbles burst on 500‐μm crude oil slicks. Chemical analysis of air and particulates collected from filters sampling the particles confirms the presence of airborne oil above the slicks.

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“…When the 10 m wind reaches a threshold of around 7-11 m s −1 ,"spume" droplets are also formed, where droplets are separated from wave crests by the wind (e.g. Kientzler et al, 1954;Andreas, 1998). If this increase in sea salt aerosol increases the variance in AI, this may result in an increase of d(CF).…”

Section: Meteorologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite observations of cloud regime development: the role of aerosol processes

2014

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Abstract. Many different interactions between aerosols and clouds have been postulated, based on correlations between satellite retrieved aerosol and cloud properties. Previous studies highlighted the importance of meteorological covariations to the observed correlations.In this work, we make use of multiple temporally-spaced satellite retrievals to observe the development of cloud regimes. The observation of cloud regime development allows us to account for the influences of cloud fraction (CF) and meteorological factors on the aerosol retrieval. By accounting for the aerosol index (AI)-CF relationship, we reduce the influence of meteorological correlations compared to "snapshot" studies, finding that simple correlations overestimate any aerosol effect on CF by at least a factor of two.We find an increased occurrence of transitions into the stratocumulus regime over ocean with increases in MODIS AI, consistent with the hypothesis that aerosols increase stratocumulus persistence. We also observe an increase in transitions into the deep convective regime over land, consistent with the aerosol invigoration hypothesis. We find changes in the transitions from the shallow cumulus regime in different aerosol environments. The strength of these changes is strongly dependent on Low Troposphere Static Stability and 10 m windspeed, but less so on other meteorological factors.Whilst we have reduced the error due to meteorological and CF effects on the aerosol retrieval, meteorological covariation with the cloud and aerosol properties is harder to remove, so these results likely represent an upper bound on the effect of aerosols on cloud development and CF.

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Photographic Investigation of the Projection of Droplets by Bubbles Bursting at a Water Surface

Cited by 105 publications

References 5 publications

Spray Generation by a Plunging Breaker

Spray Generation by a Plunging Breaker

Aerosolization of Crude Oil‐Dispersant Slicks Due to Bubble Bursting

Satellite observations of cloud regime development: the role of aerosol processes

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