Photoinitiated Cationic Polymerization of Substituted Vinylcyclopropanes

Abstract

Summary: The photoinitiated cationic polymerization of 1‐cyclopropyl‐l‐phenyl‐ethylene, 1‐cyclopropyl‐l‐(p‐methoxyphenyl)ethylene and 1‐cyclopropyl‐l‐(p‐fluorophenyl)ethylene at ambient temperatures in bulk and in solution was investigated using (η5‐2,4‐cyclopentadiene‐l‐yl)[l,2,3,4,5,6‐η] (l‐(methylethyl) benzene)iron(I) hexafluorophosphate (Irgacure 261, I‐1) and ditolyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (I‐2). In contrast to our results in the polymerization of 2‐cyclopropyl‐4‐methylene‐l,3‐dioxolanes, partial ring‐opening of the cyclopropane ring could be detected. A volume shrinkage of about 11% was found.

1-(Arylmethyloxy)anthracenes: how substituents affect their photoreactivity and ability to initiate radical and cationic polymerizations

“…Polymer Journal (2012) 1 Much of the recent research has focused on novel photoinitiators that promote the initiation of both radical and cationic polymerizations, 2-8 because a combination of these two polymerizations could produce a hybrid polymer that is composed of radical-and cation-derived polymer units. For example, interpenetrating network polymers 9-11 combine the properties of these two polymer units and represent an attractive research area with many practical applications.Although some salt-type photoinitiators can initiate both cationic and radical polymerizations, [2][3][4][5]8,12,13 they have limited industrial application because they have low monomer solubility and require metal-or halogen-containing inorganic initiators. To overcome these limitations, nonsalt photoinitiators have been developed.…”

“…Although some salt-type photoinitiators can initiate both cationic and radical polymerizations, [2][3][4][5]8,12,13 they have limited industrial application because they have low monomer solubility and require metal-or halogen-containing inorganic initiators. To overcome these limitations, nonsalt photoinitiators have been developed.…”

Photoinitiated Cationic Polymerization: Reactivity and Mechanistic Aspects

“…Photoinitiated cationic polymerization of 1-cyclopropyl-l-phenyl ethylene, 1-cyclopropyl-l-(p-ethoxyphenyl) ethylene and 1-cyclopropyl-l-(p-fluorophenyl) ethylene was investigated [130]. Photoinitiated cationic polymerization of 1-cyclopropyl-l-phenyl ethylene, 1-cyclopropyl-l-(p-ethoxyphenyl) ethylene and 1-cyclopropyl-l-(p-fluorophenyl) ethylene was investigated [130].…”

1-(Arylmethyloxy)-9,10-anthraquinones: Photoinitiators for Radical and Cationic Polymerizations

“…1 Recent research has focused on novel photoinitiators that promote the initiation of both radical and cationic polymerizations, 2-8 because a combination of these two types of polymerizations could produce a hybrid polymer composed of radical-and cation-derived polymer units. For example, interpenetrating network polymers 9-11 that combine the properties of these two polymer units present an attractive research subject due to potential practical applications.While some salt-type photoinitiators can initiate both cationic and radical polymerizations, [2][3][4][5]8,12,13 they have limited industrial application because of problems such as low solubility in monomers and the need for metal-or halogen-containing inorganic initiators. To overcome these problems, nonsalt-type photoinitiators have been developed, but they induce only minor hybrid polymerization.…”

“…While some salt-type photoinitiators can initiate both cationic and radical polymerizations, [2][3][4][5]8,12,13 they have limited industrial application because of problems such as low solubility in monomers and the need for metal-or halogen-containing inorganic initiators. To overcome these problems, nonsalt-type photoinitiators have been developed, but they induce only minor hybrid polymerization.…”