Organic–inorganic lead halide
perovskite solar cells (PSCs)
are highly efficient, flexible, lightweight, and even tolerant to
radiation, such as protons, electron beams (EB), and γ-rays,
all of which makes them plausible candidates for use in space satellites
and spacecrafts. However, the mechanisms of radiation damage of each
component of PSC [an organic hole transport material (HTM), a perovskite
layer, and an electron transport material (ETM)] are not yet fully
understood. Herein, we investigated the EB irradiation effect (100
keV, up to 2.5 × 1015 cm–2) on binary-mixed
A site cations and halide perovskite (MA0.13FA0.87PbI2.61Br0.39, MA:methylammonium cation and
FA:formaminidium cation), a molecular HTM of doped SpiroOMeTAD, and
an inorganic ETM of mesoporous TiO2. Despite the decreased
power conversion efficiency of PSCs upon EB exposure, the photoconductivities
of the perovskite, HTM, and ETM layers remained intact. In contrast,
significant dedoping of HTM was observed, as confirmed by steady-state
conductivity, photoabsorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
measurements. Notably, this damage could be healed by exposure to
short-wavelength light, leading to a partial recovery of the PSC efficiency.
Our work exemplifies the robustness of perovskite against EB and the
degradation mechanism of the overall PSC performance.