Er 3+ upconversion (UC) fluorescent characteristics of ErNbO 4 phosphor were studied for temperature sensing purposes. This letter shows that the ErNbO 4 phosphor emits more UC fluorescence than the Er 3+ -doped LiNbO 3 singlecrystal and Er 3 NbO 7 phosphor. Both energy-transfer UC and excited state absorption play a role in the UC emission. Both the peak and integrated UC intensities decrease with the raised temperature, and the 530, 560, and 670 nm UC intensities reduce by ∼26%, 42%, and 34%, respectively, with the temperature rise of only 57°C from 21°C, implying that the phosphor is applicable to temperature sensing based upon either the 560-or 670-nm emission. The feasibility to realize the temperature sensing is discussed from the application requirements of smartness and low-cost, suggesting that not only the single 560-or 670-nm band, but the combined 530-and 560-nm bands can be also utilized.Index Terms-ErNbO 4 phosphor, upconversion, thermal effect.