The following scenarios of Re-embedding into SiO 2 -host by pulsed Re-implantation were derived and discussed after XPS-and-DFT electronic structure qualification: (i) low Re-impurity concentration mode → the formation of combined substitutional and interstitial impurities with Re 2 O 7 -like atomic and electronic structures in the vicinity of oxygen vacancies; (ii) high Reimpurity concentration mode → the fabrication of interstitial Re-metal clusters with the accompanied formation of ReO 2 -like atomic structures and (iii) an intermediate transient modewith Re-impurity concentration increase, when the precursors of interstitial defect clusters are appeared and growing in the host-matrix structure occur. An amplification regime of Re-metal contribution majority to the final Valence Band structure was found as one of the sequences of intermediate transient mode. It was shown that most of the qualified and discussed modes were accompanied by the MRO (middle range ordering) distortions in the initial oxygen subnetwork of the a-SiO 2 host-matrix because of the appeared mixed defect configurations.
IntroductionKnown since ancient times, amorphous silicon dioxide (a-SiO 2 ) still remains of great importance for various high-tech applications because of the powerful technological potential. Having good chemical stability in the wide range of temperatures and relatively aggressive ambients, it was deeply studied since the beginning of the 20 th century, causing the successful yield of cheap and, simultaneously, effective commercial and semi-commercial synthesis approaches ("wet", "dry" or combined "wet-and-dry" technology [1], several variations of CVD [2], aerogel [3], nanosized synthesis [4], etc.). This technologically important material has found also an extended functionality due to applied electronic structure engineering trends and controlled management of the needed functional properties via atomic structure conversion mechanisms [5-7]. Advisability of a-SiO 2 as a material for managed atomic structure conversion is determined by the peculiarities of ≡ Si -O * chemical bonding unit. This major silicon-oxygen bonding unit arises due to σcoupling of Si s-and Si p-electrons with oxygen p-electrons, but, as a unique specificity, the short and elonged (O 2p -Si 3d) π conjugations are possible. Consequently, it is potentially giving the most wide set of dihedral angles as well as the variations in silicon-oxygen bonding distance with a critical border-values of 1.54 Å and 1.81 Å [8]. As a result, a lot of silica-oxygen polymorphs with dissimilar physical-chemical properties exist (see e.g. Ref. [6]), providing favorable conditions for the further elaboration within Research-and-Development area of SiO 2 -based functional materials. Despite of the powerful technological suit for electronic structure functionalization of a-SiO 2 via conventional embedding of metal or metal-like particles into Zachariasen-Warren threedimensional glassy network, the direct ion-doping by ion-implantation techniques was proved to be promisin...