“…The emission wavelengths can also be tuned between 1548 nm and 1905 nm by changing the doping levels [13]. Ge ncs were reported to emit between 563 nm and 1548 nm explained by the quantum confinement effect (QCE) [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. In addition, many results have been published covering the entire visible and ultraviolet (UV) ranges related to various defects or interface of Ge ncs with matrix [18,[22][23][24][25][26][27].…”