Photon counting chirped AM ladar: concept, simulation, and initial experimental results

Redman, Brian; Ruff, William C.; Giza, Mark M.

doi:10.1117/12.667117

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…[ref [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] In previous PC-CAML systems, the local oscillator (LO) has been a radio-frequency (RF) analog signal applied using expensive, bulky, and power hungry RF analog electronics either in post-detection mixing or via opto-electronic mixing (OEM) at the photon counting detector, including gating of the detector, or applied via predetection mixing using an optical intensity modulator as illustrated in figure 1. [ref [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The reader is referred to references 1-13 for more details on the theory and practice for the traditional PC-CAML system. 1 Alternatively, one can dispense with an LO in the receiver altogether by sending the wideband, high speed single-bit photon count data output from the photon counting detector directly to storage and demodulating the chirp digitally.…”

Section: Bitstream Pc-caml With a Dllo Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bitstream Photon Counting Chirped AM Lidar with a Digital Logic Local Oscillator

Redman¹

2019

Preprint

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This paper introduces a new concept for the local oscillator (LO) for the Photon Counting Chirped Amplitude Modulation Lidar (PC-CAML). Rather than using a radio-frequency (RF) analog LO applied electronically either in post-detection mixing or via opto-electronic mixing (OEM) at the detector, or applied via pre-detection mixing using an optical intensity modulator as in previous systems, the new method mixes the single-bit binary counts from the photon counting detector with a single-bit binary LO using an AND binary digital logic gate. This type of LO is called the Digital Logic Local Oscillator (DLLO), and the resulting PC-CAML system is a type of bitstream lidar called bitstream PC-CAML (patent pending).The key advantage of the DLLO in the bitstream PC-CAML is that it replaces bulky, power-hungry, and expensive wideband RF analog electronics with single-bit digital logic components that can be implemented in inexpensive silicon complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) read-out integrated circuits (ROICs) to make the bitstream PC-CAML with a DLLO more suitable for compact lidar-on-a-chip systems and lidar array receivers than previous PCCAML systems.This paper introduces the DLLO for bitstream PC-CAML concept, presents the initial signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) theory with comparisons to Monte Carlo simulation results, and makes suggestions for future work on this concept.

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Section: Bitstream Pc-caml With a Dllo Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bitstream Photon Counting Chirped AM Lidar with a Digital Logic Local Oscillator

Redman¹

2019

Preprint

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“…Broadband frequency chirping intensity modulation of the laser beam was obtained with Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator(EOM) [7,8] and applied in an amplitude modulation (AM) lidar system by X. Yu et al The chirped frequency was 80-280 MHz, the scanning period was 200 µs, and the range accuracy reached 0.8 m [9]. However, in the existing AM radar system, the output power of the transmitter was generally lower than 100 mW, even though a highly sensitive photon counting detector was used, and the ranging distance was limited by the low power of the lidar transmitter [10][11][12]. In order to apply FDR technology in long-distance ranging and detection, an intensity-modulated light source with high-power broad-band frequency chirping is desired.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Power Broadband Frequency Chirped Intensity-Modulated Single-Frequency 1064-nm Laser

Yang

Wang

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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Optical carried microwave radar (OCMR), combining the advantages of lidar and microwave radar, uses an intensity-modulated laser beam as the medium to detect the distance and velocity of objects. In order to achieve a high ranging resolution at long distance, a high-power frequency chirped intensity-modulated light source at a 1064-nm wavelength was developed. A low-power narrow-linewidth 1064-nm laser beam was input to a Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator (EOM), and the frequency of the EOM was tuned from 10 MHz to 2.1 GHz. The output from the EOM was coupled to a laser-diode-pumped ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier (YDFA). A maximum output power of 29.5 W was achieved from the YDFA. We measured the frequency characteristics of the modulated laser beams before and after amplification, respectively. The amplification process did not bring any obvious degeneration of the modulation in terms of the bandwidth, frequency stability, chirping linearity, and modulation depth. Our research presents a new approach of obtaining a high-power broad-band intensity-modulated light source for OCMR.

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“…In 2006, the Army Research Laboratory reported a new method combining the single-photon detection and chirped amplitude modulation (CAM) techniques in a lidar system and called this method the photon-counting chirped amplitude modulation (PCCAM) lidar. [6] Unlike the traditional TCSPC-based lidar systems, the distance measured using a PCCAM lidar system was calculated according to the difference frequency, referred to as the intermediate frequency (IF) waveform, of the CAM signal and photon-counting pulses, whose arrival rates were also modulated by the CAM waveform with a round-trip time between the target and transceiver. The range ambiguity was avoided when using this method without compromising the system detection efficiency (SDE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photon-counting chirped amplitude modulation lidar system using superconducting nanowire single-photon detector at 1550-nm wavelength

Zhou

Lü

et al. 2018

Chinese Phys. B

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We demonstrate a photon-counting chirped amplitude modulation (CAM) light detection and ranging (lidar) system incorporating a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) and operated at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The distance accuracy of the lidar system was determined by the CAM bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of an intermediate frequency (IF) signal. Owing to a short dead time (10 ns) and negligible dark count rate (70 Hz) of the SNSPD, the obtained IF signal attained an SNR of 42 dB and the direct distance accuracy was improved to 3 mm when the modulation bandwidth of the CAM signal was 240 MHz and the modulation period was 1 ms.

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Photon counting chirped AM ladar: concept, simulation, and initial experimental results

Cited by 13 publications

References 1 publication

Bitstream Photon Counting Chirped AM Lidar with a Digital Logic Local Oscillator

Bitstream Photon Counting Chirped AM Lidar with a Digital Logic Local Oscillator

High-Power Broadband Frequency Chirped Intensity-Modulated Single-Frequency 1064-nm Laser

Photon-counting chirped amplitude modulation lidar system using superconducting nanowire single-photon detector at 1550-nm wavelength

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