Photon Pair Condensation by Engineered Dissipation

Abstract

Dissipation can usually induce detrimental decoherence in a quantum system. However, engineered dissipation can be used to prepare and stabilize coherent quantum many-body states. Here, we show that by engineering dissipators containing photon pair operators, one can stabilize an exotic dark state, which is a condensate of photon pairs with a phase-nematic order. In this system, the usual superfluid order parameter, i.e. single-photon correlation, is absent, while the photon pair correlation exhibits long-range order. Although the dark state is not unique due to multiple parity sectors, we devise an additional type of dissipators to stabilize the dark state in a particular parity sector via a diffusive annihilation process which obeys Glauber dynamics in an Ising model. Furthermore, we propose an implementation of these photon-pair dissipators in circuit-QED architecture. †

Engineering Dissipation with Resistive Elements in Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics

“…There are theoretical proposals for realizing a photonic Bose-Einstein condensate in strongly driven microcavity arrays using two interacting superconducting qubits each coupled to a neighbouring cavity, where the dissipation here would be realized by the spontaneous decay of the antisymmetric mode, [146] which produces scattering of photons in low-momentum states thus stimulating condensation in the zero-momentum state. Exotic state preparation using engineered dissipation is possible in circuit QED, [147] drawing on ideas of observing photon blockade and the Mott-insulator-to-superfluid transition with polaritons. [148,149] Other possibilities include dissipative preparation of topological superconductors, [150] parametric thermalization [151] and creation of compressible phases and exotic nonequilibrium processes associated with generation of entropy.…”

Engineering dissipation with resistive elements in circuit quantum electrodynamics

“…There are theoretical proposals for realizing a photonic Bose-Einstein condensate in strongly driven microcavity arrays using two interacting superconducting qubits each coupled to a neighbouring cavity, where the dissipation here would be realized by the spontaneous decay of the antisymmetric mode [118], which produces scattering of photons in low-momentum states thus stimulating condensation in the zero-momentum state. Exotic state preparation using engineered dissipation is possible in circuit QED [119], drawing on ideas of observing photon blockade and the Mottinsulator-to-superfluid transition with polaritons [120,121]. Other possibilities include dissipative preparation of topological superconductors [122], parametric thermalization [123] and creation of compressible phases and exotic nonequilibrium processes associated with generation of entropy [124].…”

Driven dissipative preparation of few-body Laughlin states of Rydberg polaritons in twisted cavities

“…Our scheme is in the spirit of other driven-dissipative state preparation protocols [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44], which have analogs in autonomous error correction [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. The basic idea is that you want to construct a situation where the state of interest is a "dark state" which is neither excited by the drive, nor decays through the dissipative channel.…”