Photon-Timing Detector Module for Single-Molecule Spectroscopy With 60-ps Resolution

Invited Review Article: Single-photon sources and detectors

“…1), have provided motivation for the development of improved single-photon sources 28 and single-photon detectors. In addition to quantum-information science, singlephoton detectors are used for a wide range of applications, including bioluminescence detection, 38 DNA sequencing, [39][40][41][42] Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) for studying protein folding, [43][44][45] light detection and ranging (LIDAR) for remote sensing, 46,47 and light ranging on shorter scales, 48 optical time domain reflectometry, [49][50][51][52][53][54][55] picosecond imaging circuit analysis, [56][57][58][59][60][61] single-molecule spectroscopy [62][63][64][65][66][67][68] and fluorescence-lifetime measurements, 69 medical applications such as diffuse optical tomography 70 and positron emission tomography, 71 and finally applications such as traditional and quantum-enabled metrology. [72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80]…”

Fluorescence lifetime images and correlation spectra obtained by multidimensional time‐correlated single photon counting

“…An acceptable compromise is currently obtained with the Hamamatsu H7422-40 detector module, which has an efficiency of 40% at 500 nm and an IRF width of 200-300 ps. Further improvement for the blue-green spectral range can be expected from recently developed single-photon APDs with shallow junctions, low breakdown voltage, and high-timing stability (Rech et al, 2004).…”

Intramolecular H‐Bond Formation Mediated De‐Excitation of Curcuminoids: A Time‐Resolved Fluorescence Study

“…Doped APDs are therefore more sensitive, but also more fragile compared with other semiconductor photodiodes. Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are a particular class of APD that are not only able to detect extremely low intensity signals (down to the single photon) but also to signal the time of the photon arrival with high temporal resolution (a few tens of picoseconds) [81][82][83][84][85][86]. The SPADs, like any other APD, exploit the photon-triggered avalanche current of a reverse biased p-n junction to detect an incident radiation.…”