Photonic-crystal lasers with two-dimensionally arranged gain and loss sections for high-peak-power short-pulse operation

Morita, Ryohei; Inoue, Takuya; Zoysa, Menaka De; Ishizaki, Kenji; Noda, Susumu

doi:10.1038/s41566-021-00771-5

Cited by 73 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Moving forwards, the vectorial nature of mini-BICs could be exploited to build chip-scale lasers capable of emitting coherent structured light for high-capacity optical communication 45 and high-dimension quantum information processing 46 . It is also highly desirable to implement the electrical injections in active BIC devcies, as successfully demonstrated for PhC defect and surface emitting lasers in similar structures [47][48][49] , From the perspective of applications, the realization of mini-BIC laser may immediately boost the development of on-chip cavity QED 50 as well as the integrated nonlinear photonics 51 in which high-Q factors and small mode volumes are highly beneficial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-threshold nanolasers based on miniaturized bound states in the continuum

Yu¹,

Li²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The pursuit of compact lasers with low-thresholds has imposed strict requirements on tight light confinements with minimized radiation losses. Bound states in the continuum (BICs) have been recently demonstrated as an effective mechanism to trap light along the out-of-plane direction, paving the way to low-threshold lasers. To date, most reported BIC lasers are still bulky due to the absence of in-plane light confinement. In this work, we combine BICs and photonic band gaps to realize three-dimensional (3D) light confinements, as referred to miniaturized (mini-) BICs. Together with 3D carrier confinements provided by quantum dots (QDs) as optical gain materials, we have realized highly-compact active BIC resonators with a record-high quality (Q) factor up to 32500, which enables single-mode continuous wave (CW) lasing with the lowest threshold of 80 W/cm 2 among the reported BIC lasers. In addidtion, our photon statistics measurements under both CW and pulsed excitations confirm the occurence of the phase transition from spontaneous emission to stimulated emission, further suggesting that conventional criteria of input-output and linewidth are not sufficient for claiming nanoscale lasing. Our work reveal a via path towards compact BIC lasers with ultra-low power consumption and potentially boost the applications in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QEDs), nonlinear optics and integrated photonics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-threshold nanolasers based on miniaturized bound states in the continuum

Yu¹,

Li²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Conventional semiconductor lasers such as edge-emitting lasers and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers involve fundamental difficulties for single-mode high-power operation because an increase of the device size inevitably results in the onset of multiple transverse-mode lasing 5 – 8 . On the other hand, photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) 9 – 16 , which utilize a two-dimensional standing-wave resonance at a singularity point (Γ point, etc.) of the photonic band for lasing oscillation, show promise for overcoming this difficulty; the mutual coupling coefficients among propagating waves and radiative waves inside PCSELs can be manipulated by the unit cell design 11 , 14 , which can greatly enhance the threshold margin between the fundamental mode and the other higher-order modes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the double-lattice photonic crystal, the optical feedback (coupling coefficient) is weakened by the destructive interference for 180° diffraction of the waves reflected by each lattice point, with which the optical losses of the higher-order modes are increased more than those of the fundamental mode. Based on this concept, 10-W-to-20-W-class single-mode lasing was experimentally demonstrated with PCSELs with a diameter of as large as 400–500 µm 15 , 16 . In addition, by introducing destructive interference of not only 180° diffraction but also 90° diffraction, the possibility of single-mode lasing in a larger device area with a diameter up to 2.5 mm was suggested 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

General recipe to realize photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers with 100-W-to-1-kW single-mode operation

et al. 2022

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Realization of one-chip, ultra-large-area, coherent semiconductor lasers has been one of the ultimate goals of laser physics and photonics for decades. Surface-emitting lasers with two-dimensional photonic crystal resonators, referred to as photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs), are expected to show promise for this purpose. However, neither the general conditions nor the concrete photonic crystal structures to realize 100-W-to-1-kW-class single-mode operation in PCSELs have yet to be clarified. Here, we analytically derive the general conditions for ultra-large-area (3~10 mm) single-mode operation in PCSELs. By considering not only the Hermitian but also the non-Hermitian optical couplings inside PCSELs, we mathematically derive the complex eigenfrequencies of the four photonic bands around the Γ point as well as the radiation constant difference between the fundamental and higher-order modes in a finite-size device. We then reveal concrete photonic crystal structures which allow the control of both Hermitian and non-Hermitian coupling coefficients to achieve 100-W-to-1-kW-class single-mode lasing.

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“…Chemical self-assembly is a facile and convenient approach to colloidal crystals that have wide-spread applications in sensors, [1][2][3] displays, 4,5 waveguides, 6 anti-counterfeiting [7][8][9][10][11] and high-performance optical devices. 12 Uncontrolled and irregular micro-cracks would occur in the final drying stage of the common evaporation-induced self-assembly process, which is usually regarded as an unfavorable and challenging issue in the advancement of high-performance optical devices. 13,14 For decades, researchers have been trying to find methods to avoid cracking in colloidal crystals, mainly through the optimization of evaporation conditions, 15,16 assembly of soft nano-particles, 17 the co-assembly approach, 18 crystallization on the liquid, 19 superhydrophobic 20 or lithographically patterned substrates, 21 etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%