Photonic Crystal VCSELs: Detailed Comparison of Experimental and Theoretical Spectral Characteristics

Czyszanowski, Tomasz; Dems, Maciej; Sarzała, Robert P.; Panajotov, Krassimir; Choquette, Kent D.

doi:10.1109/jstqe.2013.2247568

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…7 yields an interior value. These magnitudes, as well as the negligible effects of holes show good agreement with previous results [16,31], where the somewhat smaller value could be explained by larger aperture diameter and thin substrate. In the forthcoming analysis, supermodes are computed for cylindrically symmetric temperature profiles.…”

Section: Active Cavity Simulationssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…For the sake of simplicity, we have calculated with an almost ideal stepwise current profile except a small exponential tail out of the current aperture, which has a characteristic width of less than 1 μm [16]. An excess absorption loss of 10 cm −1 has been assigned to the DBRs for all optical modes.…”

Section: Active Cavity Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This thermal lensing enhances the tendency of switching from single-mode to multi-mode operation. The diameters and depths of holes have been optimized for maximal single-mode power by using the full-vectorial plane wave admittance method [14][15][16]. Single-mode power from PhC-VCSELs reached 3.1 mW at 17 mA bias current in past years [17,18], and 1.7 mW together with submilliampere threshold current [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Honeycomb photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers: coupled cavities enhancing the single-mode range

Nyakas¹

2013

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

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A new design is proposed to increase the single-mode current range of low threshold current, photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Our method is based on the optical coupling between the usual central defect and six others of nearly identical sizes. The resulting honeycomb configuration aims to spread higher supermodes in transverse directions, and to reduce their overlap with a central current-injected region. Simultaneous confinement of the fundamental mode within the central cavity and the shift of higher modes toward outer trapping defects can lead to stable single-mode operation. Simulations confirm that either in-phase or out-of-phase coupled supermodes could be promoted by slightly modifying the areas of outer cavities, while thermal lensing always stabilizes the in-phase coupled supermodes. The single-mode current regime should be extended noticeably compared to the conventional single-defect lasers.

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Section: Active Cavity Simulationssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Active Cavity Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Honeycomb photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers: coupled cavities enhancing the single-mode range

Nyakas¹

2013

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

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“…A self-consistent model was used to calculate the VECSEL output power characteristics. The model has been already validated, and it has proved satisfactory agreement with experimental characteristics [23,24]. This model consists of four closely connected modules for temperature, gain and optical field calculations, which are reported in Ref.…”

Section: Model Used For the Analysismentioning

confidence: 84%

Impact of strain on periodic gain structures in vertical external cavity surface-emitting lasers

et al. 2016

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“…Our modeling is described with great detail in [19][20][21]. The experimental validation of the model is presented in [22,23]. Below we provide a brief description of two the most important parts of the numerical model.…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double high refractive-index contrast grating VCSEL

et al. 2015

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Distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) are typically used as the highly reflecting mirrors of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). In order to provide optical field confinement, oxide apertures are often incorporated in the process of the selective wet oxidation of high aluminum-content DBR layers. This technology has some potential drawbacks such as difficulty in controlling the uniformity of the oxide aperture diameters across a large-diameter (≥ 6 inch) production wafers, high DBR series resistance especially for small diameters below about 5 m despite elaborate grading and doping schemes, free carrier absorption at longer emission wavelengths in the p-doped DBRs, reduced reliability for oxide apertures placed close to the quantum wells, and low thermal conductivity for transporting heat away from the active region. A prospective alternative mirror is a high refractive index contrast grating (HCG) monolithically integrated with the VCSEL cavity. Two HCG mirrors potentially offer a very compact and simplified VCSEL design although the problems of resistance, heat dissipation, and reliability are not completely solved. We present an analysis of a double HCG 980 nm GaAs-based ultra-thin VCSEL. We analyze the optical confinement of such a structure with a total optical thickness is ~1.0 including the optical cavity and the two opposing and parallel HCG mirrors.

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Photonic Crystal VCSELs: Detailed Comparison of Experimental and Theoretical Spectral Characteristics

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Honeycomb photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers: coupled cavities enhancing the single-mode range

Honeycomb photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers: coupled cavities enhancing the single-mode range

Impact of strain on periodic gain structures in vertical external cavity surface-emitting lasers

Double high refractive-index contrast grating VCSEL

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