Photonic Ge-Sb-Te phase change metamaterials and their applications

Cao, Tun; Wang, Rongzi; Simpson, Robert E.; Li, Guixin

doi:10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100299

Cited by 39 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…To reduce the size of optical devices based on PCMs, they should operate at a shorter wavelength. However, for photonic devices operating in the visible to near-infrared visible wavelengths, GST is not ideal owing to the relatively small change in its refractive index but large extinction coefficients, resulting in high losses [ 13 ]. A solution is to search for another PCM that is transparent at a shorter wavelength and possesses high optical contrast for the refractive index.…”

Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They work by forward crystallization and backward amorphization, which is a way of phase transformation that is reversible. The procedure is shown in Figure 3 [ 13 ]. The two states of these materials show tremendous contrast of the optical constants.…”

Section: Phase-transition Mechanism and Properties Of Prototypical Pcmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, phase-change memory offers multilevel data storage and can be applied in both neuro-inspired and all-photonic in-memory computing [ 12 ]. The progress in photonic applications focusing on realizing reconfigurable and reprogrammable functions has recently caught up with electronic devices [ 13 ]. However, many PCMs, such as Ge–Sb–Te (GST) alloys, simultaneously exhibit large contrast of both the refractive index and optical loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in Photonic Devices Based on Optical Phase-Change Materials

Wang

et al. 2021

Molecules

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Phase-change materials (PCMs) are important photonic materials that have the advantages of a rapid and reversible phase change, a great difference in the optical properties between the crystalline and amorphous states, scalability, and nonvolatility. With the constant development in the PCM platform and integration of multiple material platforms, more and more reconfigurable photonic devices and their dynamic regulation have been theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated, showing the great potential of PCMs in integrated photonic chips. Here, we review the recent developments in PCMs and discuss their potential for photonic devices. A universal overview of the mechanism of the phase transition and models of PCMs is presented. PCMs have injected new life into on-chip photonic integrated circuits, which generally contain an optical switch, an optical logical gate, and an optical modulator. Photonic neural networks based on PCMs are another interesting application of PCMs. Finally, the future development prospects and problems that need to be solved are discussed. PCMs are likely to have wide applications in future intelligent photonic systems.

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Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phase-transition Mechanism and Properties Of Prototypical Pcmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in Photonic Devices Based on Optical Phase-Change Materials

Wang

et al. 2021

Molecules

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“…The transformation between states could be triggered by a thermal excitation generated by an optical or electrical pulse. Germanium-Antimony-Tellurium (GST) alloys are the most widespread PCMs due to the fast reversibility of the amorphous-to-crystalline state transition and the resulting pronounced alternation of different optical and electrical properties [55], [56]. GST-PCMs are fascinating materials to be used in electrical and optical sectors, but some issues could arise in real applications, such as power consumption, amorphous state instability after repeated cycling, excessive resistivity contrast and materials degradation.…”

Section: Technologies For Tunability and Recofigurabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Heterogeneous Smart Electromagnetic Environment for Millimeter-Wave Communications: An Industrial Viewpoint

Flamini,

De Donno,

Gambini

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Fifth generation (5G) and beyond communication systems open the door to millimeter Wave (mmWave) frequency bands to leverage the extremely large operating bandwidths and deliver unprecedented network capacity. These frequency bands are affected by high propagation losses that severely limit the achievable coverage. The simplest way to address this problem would be to increase the number of installed mmWave base stations (BSs), at the same time augmenting the overall network cost, power consumption and ElectroMagnetic Field (EMF) levels. As alternative direction, here we propose to complement the macro-layer of mmWave BSs with a heterogeneous deployment of Smart Electromagnetic (Smart EM) Entities -namely IAB nodes, Smart Repeaters, Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) and passive surfaces -that is judiciously planned to minimize the total installation costs while at the same time optimizing the network spectral efficiency. Initial network planning results underline the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The available technologies and the key research directions for achieving this view are thoroughly discussed by accounting for issues ranging from system-level design to the development of new materials.

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“…In this context, Phase Change Materials (PCMs) represent a specific class of solid-state materials that undergo a transition from a given crystallographic phase to another one in response to an increase of temperature. This transition is combined with a significant variation of material optical and electrical properties [ 8 , 9 ]. They can be considered as a particular type of stimuli-responsive materials, since they modulate their electrical and optical behaviors in response to the application of an external stimulus, which leads to a variation of temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimuli-Responsive Phase Change Materials: Optical and Optoelectronic Applications

2021

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Stimuli-responsive materials offer a large variety of possibilities in fabrication of solid- state devices. Phase change materials (PCMs) undergo rapid and drastic changes of their optical properties upon switching from one crystallographic phase to another one. This peculiarity makes PCMs ideal candidates for a number of applications including sensors, active displays, photonic volatile and non-volatile memories for information storage and computer science and optoelectronic devices. This review analyzes different examples of PCMs, in particular germanium–antimonium tellurides and vanadium dioxide (VO2) and their applications in the above-mentioned fields, with a detailed discussion on potential, limitations and challenges.

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Photonic Ge-Sb-Te phase change metamaterials and their applications

Cited by 39 publications

References 110 publications

Advances in Photonic Devices Based on Optical Phase-Change Materials

Advances in Photonic Devices Based on Optical Phase-Change Materials

Towards a Heterogeneous Smart Electromagnetic Environment for Millimeter-Wave Communications: An Industrial Viewpoint

Stimuli-Responsive Phase Change Materials: Optical and Optoelectronic Applications

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