Photonic jets for highly efficient mid-IR focal plane arrays with large angle‐of‐view

Abolmaali, Farzaneh; Brettin, Aaron; Green, Andrew; Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.; Urbas, Augustine; Astratov, Vasily N.

doi:10.1364/oe.25.031174

Cited by 30 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…7[a] black line). This degradation also occurs for traditional microlens 2,54 . Shortening the focal length is a method to alleviate this degradation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Then, reducing the active volume to lower the dark current and at the same time remaining the light collection efficiency through light concentration methods becomes a promising way to enhance the detectivity. In this direction, the integration of micro-lens with infrared photodetectors has attracted much attention [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] . However, limited numerical aperture, complicated packaging and alignment, and the difficulty in curved surface formation impede the practical application in infrared photodetection [10][11][12] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7[a], when the active region is enlarged to 10 μm × 10 μm, the absorptance of the active region remains higher than 98% of that at normal incidence over for oblique incidence up to 10°. The angle of view (AOV) is defined as 2arctan(s/(2 f)) 2 Another important issue for the meta-lens is the coupling between the nano-pillars. A metalens is a nonperiodic structure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

HgCdTe mid-Infrared photo response enhanced by monolithically integrated meta-lenses

Deng

Zhou

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

for S m = 5 μm × 5 μm or S m = 10 μm × 10 μm. Further, the meta-lens exhibits a good dispersion tolerance over the wavelength range from 3.3 μm to 5 μm. The averaged detectivity enhancement over this spectrum range is around 3 times for S m = 5 μm × 5 μm and 2 times for S m = 10 μm × 10 μm. The angular response of the meta-lens integrated detector depends on the focal length. For a focal length of 73 μm, the AOV for a 5 μm × 5 μm photosensitive area is 4.0°. When the focal length is reduced to 38 μm, the AOV for a 5 μm × 5 μm photosensitive area increases to 7.7° and it reaches 15.4° for a 10 μm × 10 μm photosensitive area. For the inter-pillar distance to be 2 μm in our design, the influence of the coupling effect between the nano-pillars on the performance of the meta-lens is little. Therefore, the monolithic integration of a meta-lens provides us a promising way to enhance the performance of infrared photodetectors and even focal plane arrays.

show abstract

“…7[a] black line). This degradation also occurs for traditional microlens 2,54 . Shortening the focal length is a method to alleviate this degradation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

HgCdTe mid-Infrared photo response enhanced by monolithically integrated meta-lenses

Deng

Zhou

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One of the methods of obtaining such highly ordered arrays is based on using suction assembly of ball lenses in microhole arrays. [58,59] Cellphone-based microscopy with wide FoV can be used for biopsy-free inspection of various skin diseases [11] as well as in teledermatology. [9,10] While the basic melanoma diagnostics is dependent primarily on tumor thickness and other characteristics such as mitotic rate and ulcerative state, [60] the highresolution imaging of the skin surface using cellphone-based microscopy can be a useful additional resource.…”

Section: Methods Of Increasing Fovmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ball Lens‐Assisted Cellphone Imaging with Submicron Resolution

Jin

Jean

Maslov³

et al. 2023

Laser & Photonics Reviews

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One of the most significant developments in life sciences—the discovery of bacteria and protists—was accomplished by Antoni van Leeuwenhoek in the 17th century using a single ball lens microscope. It is shown that the full potential of single lens designs can be realized in a contact mode of imaging by ball lenses with a refractive index of n ≈ 2, suitable for developing compact cellphone‐based microscopes. The quality of imaging is comparable to basic compound microscopes, but with a narrower field‐of‐view, and is demonstrated for various biomedical samples. The maximal magnification (M > 50) with the highest resolution (≈0.66 µm at λ = 589 nm) is achieved for imaging of nanoplasmonic structures by ball lenses made from LASFN35 glass, the index of which is tuned near n = 2 using chromatic dispersion. Due to limitations of geometrical optics, the imaging theory is developed based on an exact numerical solution of the Maxwell equations, including spherical aberration and the nearfield coupling of a point source. The modeling is performed using multiscale analysis: from the field propagation inside ball lenses with diameters 30 < D/λ < 4000 to the formation of the diffracted field at distances of ≈105 λ. It is shown that such imaging enables the transition from pixel‐ to diffraction‐limited resolution in cellphone microscopy.

show abstract

“…Infrared focal plane arrays (IR FPAs) are commonly used in thermal cameras, medical imaging devices and for sensing applications such as wavefront sensing 1 . Microlenses and microspheres have been previously used as optical concentrators [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] to increase the operating temperature of IR FPAs, but they are typically made of materials different from the detector materials and therefore these approaches require additional deposition and alignments steps. Recently, mid-wavelength IR (MWIR) nBn detectors monolithically integrated with spherical concentrators fabricated on the detector backside were demonstrated 10 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-immersion metalenses for infrared focal plane arrays

Zhang

Soibel

Keo

et al. 2018

Applied Physics Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Novel optical components based on metasurfaces (metalenses) offer a new methodology for microlens arrays. In particular, metalens arrays have the potential of being monolithically integrated with infrared focal plane arrays (IR FPAs) to increase the operating temperature and sensitivity of the latter. In this work, we demonstrate a new type of transmissive metalens that focuses the incident light (λ = 3 -5 μm) on the detector plane after propagating through the substrate, i.e. solid-immersion type of focusing. The metalens is fabricated by etching the backside of the detector substrate material (GaSb here) making this approach compatible with the architecture of back-illuminated FPAs. In addition, our designs work for all incident polarizations. We fabricate a 10x10 metalens array that proves the scalability of this approach for FPAs. In the future, these solid-immersion metalenses arrays will be monolithically integrated with IR FPAs.Infrared focal plane arrays (IR FPAs) are commonly used in thermal cameras, medical imaging devices and for sensing applications such as wavefront sensing 1 . Microlenses and microspheres have been previously used as optical concentrators 2-9 to increase the operating temperature of IR FPAs, but they are typically made of materials different from the detector materials and therefore these approaches require additional deposition and alignments steps. Recently, mid-wavelength IR (MWIR) nBn detectors monolithically integrated with spherical concentrators fabricated on the detector backside were demonstrated 10 . This provides an alternative approach for realization of microlens-integrated detectors in which microlenses are made from the detector substrate material. The newly developed metasurfaces are a promising candidate for the next generation optical concentrators that can also be monolithically integrated with IR FPAs with small pixels. They can be fabricated from the same material as the substrate and are flat, ultrathin, and lightweight. Metasurfaces consist of optical components based on arrays of optical resonators with subwavelength separation. By accurately designing the optical properties of each element of the array, the wavefront of the incident light can be reshaped and redirected at will 11 . Numerous devices based on metasurfaces have been developed, including metasurface lenses (metalenses), waveplates, polarimeters, and holograms [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] .To be compatible with current IR FPAs, these metalenses have to feature several unique characteristics which differentiate them from the metalenses demonstrated so far. The majority of IR FPAs are back-illuminated (through the substrate), so the lens needs to be transmissive and of the immersion type to focus light in the detector materials. The lens also needs to be fabricated on

show abstract

Photonic jets for highly efficient mid-IR focal plane arrays with large angle‐of‐view

Cited by 30 publications

References 37 publications

HgCdTe mid-Infrared photo response enhanced by monolithically integrated meta-lenses

HgCdTe mid-Infrared photo response enhanced by monolithically integrated meta-lenses

Ball Lens‐Assisted Cellphone Imaging with Submicron Resolution

Solid-immersion metalenses for infrared focal plane arrays

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About