Photonic Multitasking Interleaved Si Nanoantenna Phased Array

Lin, Dianmin; Holsteen, Aaron L.; Maguid, Elhanan; Wetzstein, Gordon; Kik, Pieter G.; Hasman, Erez; Brongersma, Mark L.

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03505

Cited by 130 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Gradient metasurfaces are composed of nanoscale optical resonators - also called antennas - capable of manipulating light by imparting local phase changes on incident electromagnetic waves 17–21 . Moreover, metasurfaces afford control over the polarization, phase and amplitude of the light, thus opening the door to create new optical functionalities 22–24 . Ultrathin and planar optical elements based on metasurfaces have been realized for light focusing or redirecting 13, 15, 25–28 , photonic spin control 8, 23, 29, 30 , holograms generation 31, 32 , nonlinear light concentration 10 and actively tuning of the optical properties 33 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical metasurfaces for high angle steering at visible wavelengths

Lin

Melli

Poliakov

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Metasurfaces have facilitated the replacement of conventional optical elements with ultrathin and planar photonic structures. Previous designs of metasurfaces were limited to small deflection angles and small ranges of the angle of incidence. Here, we have created two types of Si-based metasurfaces to steer visible light to a large deflection angle. These structures exhibit high diffraction efficiencies over a broad range of angles of incidence. We have demonstrated metasurfaces working both in transmission and reflection modes based on conventional thin film silicon processes that are suitable for the large-scale fabrication of high-performance devices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical metasurfaces for high angle steering at visible wavelengths

Lin

Melli

Poliakov

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Using the criterion given in 50 that is based on the focal spot area increasing to twice its value at the center wavelength, and assuming an effective focal length of~600 μm (corresponding to a numerical aperture of 0.24), the operation bandwidth is given by Δλ = 2.27λ 2 /(fNA 2 ) ≈ 50 nm. To make multiwavelength tunable doublets, many of the recently demonstrated approaches for making multiwavelength metasurfaces can be directly applied 56,[64][65][66] . In addition, the recently introduced concept of phase-dispersion control [67][68][69] can be used to increase the operation bandwidth of the metasurface lenses by correcting the chromatic aberrations over a continuous bandwidth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MEMS-tunable dielectric metasurface lens

Arbabi

Kamali

et al. 2018

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

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Varifocal lenses, conventionally implemented by changing the axial distance between multiple optical elements, have a wide range of applications in imaging and optical beam scanning. The use of conventional bulky refractive elements makes these varifocal lenses large, slow, and limits their tunability. Metasurfaces, a new category of lithographically defined diffractive devices, enable thin and lightweight optical elements with precisely engineered phase profiles. Here we demonstrate tunable metasurface doublets, based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), with more than 60 diopters (about 4%) change in the optical power upon a 1-μm movement of one metasurface, and a scanning frequency that can potentially reach a few kHz. They can also be integrated with a third metasurface to make compact microscopes (~1 mm thick) with a large corrected field of view (~500 μm or 40 degrees) and fast axial scanning for 3D imaging. This paves the way towards MEMSintegrated metasurfaces as a platform for tunable and reconfigurable optics.

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“…[233] Multicolor imaging with a high spatial resolution and optical imaging functionality with simultaneous color separation have been obtained using this design. [233] Multicolor imaging with a high spatial resolution and optical imaging functionality with simultaneous color separation have been obtained using this design.…”

Section: Interleaved Metasurfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Manipulation of Electromagnetic Waves with Metasurfaces and Its Applications in Nanophotonics

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

127

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elements. Thus, realizing phase manipulation of EM waves at the nanoscale has become a key pursuit for the development of modern optics and nanophotonics.Metamaterials are 3D artificial nanostructures composed of periodic subwavelength unit cells that resonantly couple to the incident EM waves, exhibiting effective electric and magnetic responses not found in nature. [1][2][3] However, these promising potential applications are hindered in their applications due to the challenges of fabricating the required complex 3D nanostructures and the inherent metallic losses and strong dispersion of plasmonic elements at optical frequencies. Planar metamaterials, or so-called metasurfaces, can be fabricated using existing technologies, such as the lithography method and have attracted increasing attention due to their feasibility, low loss, and ease of fabrication. [4,5] The most prominent advantage of metasurfaces is that they can generate spatial phase discontinuities over the full 2π range with an optically thin interface; moreover, the resolution is less than one wavelength. Thus, wavefronts can be shaped with a distance of much less than the wavelength. With the increasing development of metasurfaces, the aforementioned limitations can be solved using various ultrathin optical devices, which have properties superior to their conventional counterparts. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Here, we concentrate on the new capabilities of metasurfaces in recent years in manipulating the phase and propagation behaviors of EM waves. In Section 2, we briefly introduce the underlying mechanisms of three types of phase discontinuities. In Section 3, we review the basic applications of phase modulation using metasurfaces. In Section 4, we review more complex and advanced information photonics that have emerged from metasurfaces. In the last section, we provide concluding remarks and an outlook on future development directions. Three Basic Types of Phase Discontinuities Generated by Metasurfaces Resonance PhaseThe pioneering approach to achieve phase discontinuities was to use the dispersion of various metallic nanoantennas, as shown in the left panel of Figure 1a. The optical energy is coupled to surface EM waves propagating back and forth along the antenna surface. Due to the localized surface plasmon resonance, these waves are accompanied by oscillating free electrons Relative to conventional phase-modulation optical elements, metasurfaces (i.e., 2D versions of metamaterials) have shown novel optical phenomena and promising functionalities with more compact platforms and more straightforward fabrication processes. With the ability to generate a spatial phase variation, optical wavefronts can be manipulated into arbitrary shapes at will, enabling new phenomena and integrated ultrathin optical devices to be explored. This review is focused on recent developments regarding phase manipulation of electromagnetic waves with metasurfaces. Starting from their underlying physics for realizing full 2π phase manipulation, an overview of the applica...

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Photonic Multitasking Interleaved Si Nanoantenna Phased Array

Cited by 130 publications

References 41 publications

Optical metasurfaces for high angle steering at visible wavelengths

Optical metasurfaces for high angle steering at visible wavelengths

MEMS-tunable dielectric metasurface lens

Phase Manipulation of Electromagnetic Waves with Metasurfaces and Its Applications in Nanophotonics

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